Exam 1
How do multifactorial disorders happen?
Genetics
Environment
What does amniotic fluid do?
Promotes development of limbs
Cushions against impact
Provides stable temperature
Keeps membrane from adhering to infant
Provides buoyancy for fetal movement
How does fetal circulation occur?
Two arteries
one vein
Fetal movement by examiner
Auscultation of fetal heart sounds
Visualization of fetus through ultrasound
When is an ultrasound done and what is an intervention for it?
16-18 weeks
Full bladder
What are the characteristics of multifactorial disorders?
Present and detectable at birth
Isolated Defect
May cause a secondary defect (Spina bifida)
What are the metabolic functions of placenta?
Produce nutrient needed for the embryo
What are the three shunts and where are they?
Foramen Ovale- between two atria's
Ductus Arteriosus- by pulmonary artery and aorta
Ductus Venosus- by liver
What is normal weight gain during pregnancy?
25-35 lbs
Is an amniocentesis done in the first trimester and why?
No because there is not enough amniotic fluid
What are examples of multifactorial disorders?
heart defects
neural tube defects
cleft lip or palate
What are the transfer functions of the placenta?
Provides gas exchange
Nutrients transfers
Waste removal
Antibody transfer
How is fundal height measured?
Measured in CM
It is supposed to equal the gestational age of the fetus in weeks
Measured from top of symphysis pubic to top of fundus
What does the alpha-fetoprotein screening do?
Low levels associated with down syndrome
Elevated AFP associated with neural tube defects
When and why would an amniocentesis be done in the second trimester?
15-20 weeks
Check for chromosomal abnormalities
Used to determine fetal lung maturity or hemolytic disease
remove access amniotic fluid
What should you teach pregnant moms about rubella immunization?
Get it at least 4 weeks before pregnancy
Get it after delivery
What are endocrine functions of the placenta?
Production of hormones
Estrogen and progesterone
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Amenorrhea
N/V
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Breast and skin changes
Fetal movement
When is the alpha fetoprotein screening done?
Between 16-18 weeks
What are the risks with amniocentesis?
Infection
Bleeding
Trauma to baby
Puncturing the cord
Can develop preterm labor
What is happening around weeks 21-24?
Lungs start to produce surfactant
Given through ET tube
What does the placenta not protect from?
Opioids misuse
Alcohol
Nicotine
Virus
What is a probable signs of pregnancy?
Pregnancy test
Quickening
Chadwick's
Hegar
Goodells
Ballottement
How can you tell if a non-stress test is reactive?
At least two FHR accelerations
Occurring within any 20 minute period
Peaking at least 15 bpm above baseline and lasting 15 seconds
What should you teach expecting moms who have amniocentesis?
Signs of labor (Abdominal cramping, tightening of the stomach, bleeding/water leakage)
Sign of infection