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Eat many small meals a day, avoid spicey foods, avoid fatty foods, sip water throughout the day, call if there is blood in the vomit
What are points of advice to give the mom with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Vaginal bleeding
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Abdominal pain
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Persistent vomiting
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Epigastric pain
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Epigastric pain
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Edema of face and hands
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Severe, persistent headaches
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Blurred vision or dizziness
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Chills with fever greater than 100.4 degrees F
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Painful urination or reduced urine output
What is a danger sign in pregnancy?
Excessive nausea and vomiting that can cause dehydration
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
Greater than 5% of prepregnancy weight
How much weight loss is caused by Hyperemesis Gravidarum's dehydration?
Promethazine, ondansetron, giner, IV dextrose and Thiamine
What are the treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum?
Maternal obesity, macrosomia, maternal age 25+ years old, previous stillbirths and hx of gestational diabetes and family history of diabetes mellitus
What are the risk factors to develop gestational diabetes?
cramping and backache with light spotting, closed cervix and no tissue passing
What is a threatened spontaneous abortion?
Increased bleeding (more than spotting), cramping and cervical dilation
What is an inevitable spontaneous abortion?
Bleeding, cramping, dilatation of the cervix and passage of tissue.
What is an incomplete spontaneous abortion?
It has passage of all products of conception, then the cervix closes and bleeding stops
What is a complete spontaneous abortion?
Fetus dies in utero but is not expelled, uterine growth stops, sepsis can occur
What is a missed spontaneous abortion?
Two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions caused by incompetent cervix or low progesterone levels
Intentional termination of pregnancy to preserve the health of the mother.
What is a therapeutic abortion?
Intentional termination of pregnancy for reasons other than the health of the mother such as in fetal anomaly.
What is an elective abortion?
Mifeprestone (RU486) followed by misoprostol (Cytotec) or Methotrexate
What types of medicine are used for early pregnancy termination procedures?
How often does the female take her temperature at home status post abortion?
95% occur in fallopian tube, rest can be in cervix, ovaries, mesentery
Where do ectopic pregnancies develop?
lower abdominal pain, possible light vaginal bleeding
What are symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
Sudden severe low abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, hypovolemic shock, possible shoulder pain
What are possible symptoms if an ectopic pregnancy ruptures in a fallopian tube?
What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
Positive pregnancy test, transvaginal ultrasound, laparoscopic exam, surgery to remove the pregnancy followed by methotrexate
How is an ectopic pregnancy identified and treated?
Typically seen in women at ages extremes for the reproductive cycle (over the age of 35)
Who is at risk for the hydatidiform mole pregnancy?
Chorionic villi
Which part of the placenta is affected by Hydatidiform mole?
The internal cervix opening is completely covered by the placenta
What is complete placenta previa?
The internal cervical opening is partially covered by the placenta
What is a partial placenta previa?
Separation of the placenta from the uterine lining
What is abruptio placentae?
First pregnancy, pregnant with twins, pregnant with triplets, obesity, age less than 19 or more than 35, chronic renal disease and to have DM
What are the risk factors of hypertension in pregnancy?
kidneys, liver, brain, placenta
What are the organs effected by preeclampsia?
Eclampsia develops into seizures and coma
Why is eclampsia worse than pre-eclampsia?
Magnesium sulfate for seizures, bed rest, possible prescription antihypertensives
What treatment is used for eclampsia?
Gestational hypertension goes away approx. 12 weeks postpartum
What is the difference b/w gestation hypertension and regular hypertension?
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count
What is HELLP?
The Rh negative mom is pregnant with an Rh positive baby
How does erythroblastosis fetalis (blood incompatabiliy) develop?
Low iron and /or low folic acid that needs to be supplemented.
What is the pregnant mom's anemia caused by?
1 mg. of folic acid per day.
What is the dose of folic acid treatment for mom's anemia?