Trigonometry
The ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
Sine
The integral of a function gives what value of its graph?
The area under the curve.
This measure shows how much the values in a data set vary or spread out from the mean.
The standard deviation
This is when you use algebra to balance a chemical equation.
Stoichiometry
If it takes 3 men 3 hours to paint 3 fences. How long does it take 1 man to paint 1 fence?
3 hours.
What is the reciprocal function of cosine?
Secant
This rule helps find the limit of a quotient when both numerator and denominator approach zero.
L'Hopital's rule
This is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole group.
Sampling
A type of game theory where ratios and outcomes of actions lead to participants making the same choice regardless of others.
Nash Equilibrium
A ship has a rope ladder hanging off its side 10 feet below into the water. There are rungs on the ladder that are a foot apart. If the tide rises 2 feet, how many rungs become submerged?
None, since the boat also rises.
This law relates the ratios of side lengths of any triangle to the sines of their opposite angles.
The law of sines.
Is a point a minimum or a maximum if the derivative of the function is zero and the second derivative is zero at the point?
Neither
This is the name for the long-term average result of a random variable.
The expected value
This area of math is used when determining possible outcomes for gene expression and inheritance in biology.
Probabilities and Statistics
How many people need to be in the room for there to be a 50% chance for two of them to share a birthday? 23, 50, or 182?
23
What can sin(2θ) be rewritten as using a double angle identity?
2sinθcosθ
Which test must you use to find the interval of convergence of a series?
The ratio test
This term describes how likely it is that a sample result occurred by random chance.
P-value
What kind of math would you use to find component forces in physics?
Trigonometry
A farmer has an infinite amount of fencing and wants to use all of it to enclose a finite area. What shape should the farmer build the pen in?
A fractal.
[1-cos(2θ)]/2 can be rewritten as what using half angle identities?
sin2θ
What are the conditions to use the squeeze theorem when comparing limits of functions?
A function must be between two functions and those two functions approach the same y value at the given x value. (f<g<h, f and h approach the same value)
The range that contains 50% of the data, falling between the first and third quartiles.
The interquartile range
This concept from math is vital in art, surprisingly, in terms of proportions.
The golden ratio
Like in Hilbert's Hotel, how can a hotel with infinite rooms that are filled with an infinite number of guests accommodate one more guest?
By making the guest move one room down.