Atomic Models
Which scientist proposed that atoms were indivisible and solid spheres?
A) Ernest Rutherford
B) J.J. Thomson
C) John Dalton
D) Niels Bohr
C) John Dalton
Valence electrons are located in the:
A) Nucleus
B) Inner energy levels
C) Outermost energy level
D) Middle energy levels
C) Outermost energy level
An ionic bond typically forms between:
A) Two non-metal atoms
B) A metal and a non-metal
C) Two metal atoms
D) Identical atoms
B) A metal and a non-metal
The number of valence electrons for elements in Group 18 (Noble Gases) is:
A) 1
B) 2
C) 7
D) 8
D) 8
Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
A) True
B) False
B) False
The model that described electrons embedded in a positively charged "electron soup" was developed by:
A) Rutherford
B) J.J. Thomson
C) Bohr
D) Schrödinger
B. J.J. Thomson
What determines an element's chemical behavior?
A) Total number of electrons
B) Valence electrons
C) Number of neutrons
D) Atomic number
B) Valence electrons
When an atom loses electrons, it becomes:
A) A neutral atom
B) A negative ion
C) A positive ion
D) An isotope
C) A positive ion
Moving from left to right across a period, atomic radius:
A) Increases
B) Remains constant
C) Decreases
D) Fluctuates randomly
C) Decreases
As you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table, atomic radius increases.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which model first introduced the concept of electron energy levels?
A) Dalton's model
B) Thomson's model
C) Rutherford's model
D) Bohr's model
D) Bohr's model
Which subatomic particle determines an element's chemical properties?
A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Valence electrons
D) Inner shell electrons
C - Valence electrons
Covalent bonds typically form between:
A) A metal and a non-metal
B) Two non-metal atoms
C) Two metal atoms
D) Ions with opposite charges
B) Two non-metal atoms
The Octet Rule states that atoms tend to:
A) Maximize their mass
B) Gain as many electrons as possible
C) Achieve 8 electrons in their outer shell
D) Minimize their nuclear charge
C) Achieve 8 electrons in their outer shell
Describe how an atom becomes an ion.
A) By changing the number of protons
B) By gaining or losing electrons, changing its charge
C) By changing isotopic composition
D) By splitting the nucleus
B) By gaining or losing electrons, changing its charge
Which atomic model first proposed electrons orbiting a central nucleus?
A) Dalton's model
B) Thomson's model
C) Rutherford's model
D) Bohr's model
B:Thomson's model
How do valence electrons relate to an element's position on the periodic table?
A) Elements in the same period have the same number of valence electrons
B) Elements in the same group have similar valence electron counts and similar chemical properties
C) Valence electrons are identical for all elements in a period
D) Valence electrons determine only physical, not chemical, properties
B) Elements in the same group have similar valence electron counts and similar chemical properties
In a covalent bond, electrons are:
A) Transferred completely
B) Shared between atoms
C) Removed from atoms
D) Destroyed
B) Shared between atoms
An isotope differs from another atom of the same element by:
A) Number of protons
B) Number of electrons
C) Number of neutrons
D) Atomic mass
C) Number of neutrons
Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonding.
A) Ionic: between nonmetals;
Covalent: between metals
B) Ionic: transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals forming ions
Covalent: sharing electrons between nonmetals forming molecules
C) Ionic: same as covalent
D) Ionic: electrons are destroyed
covalent: electrons are created
B) Ionic: transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals forming ions
Covalent: sharing electrons between nonmetals forming molecules
Explain in one sentence the main difference between Rutherford’s and Bohr’s models of the atom.
A) Rutherford had electrons embedded in a positive sphere; Bohr removed electrons entirely
B) Rutherford proposed a nucleus with electrons scattered randomly; Bohr introduced fixed electron energy levels
C) Rutherford described electrons orbiting in fixed levels; Bohr proposed a solid indivisible atom
B) Rutherford proposed a nucleus with electrons scattered randomly; Bohr introduced fixed electron energy levels
An atom with a full outer shell most is following which rule?
A) Dalton Rule
B) Electron Soup Rule
C) Octet Rule
D) Nuclear Rule
C) Octet Rule
Compare ionic and covalent bonds—choose the best summary:
A) Ionic: transfer between nonmetals; Covalent: transfer between metals
B) Ionic: transfer between metals and nonmetals forming charged ions; Covalent: sharing between nonmetals forming molecules
C) Ionic: electrons destroyed; Covalent: electrons created
D) Ionic: same-element bonding; Covalent: opposite charge attraction
B) Ionic: transfer between metals and nonmetals forming charged ions; Covalent: sharing between nonmetals forming molecules
What defines an atom's element identity
(Hint: Atomic Number)?
A) Number of neutrons
B) Number of protons
C) Number of electrons
D) Atomic mass
B) Number of protons
Balance the following equations:
____ H2 + ____ O2 → ____ H2O
What is 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O?
(coefficients: 2, 1, 2)