Vocabulary
Matter
Anything that takes up mass and space
Thermal Energy
Heat
Convection
When heat moves from circulating hot and cold gas/liquids
Which state of matter has the most energy? Which has the least?
Gas has the most energy
Solid has the least energy
Give an example of conduction. Explain why it shows conduction.
Bare feet on hot sand. It shows conduction because the foot molecules are physically touching the hot sand and the heat is passed molecule to molecule.
Molecules
Two or more atoms bonded together
States of Matter
“Ways” matter can be found–solid, liquid, gas
Volume
The amount of space and object takes up
Which phase changes require energy to be ADDED?
Which phase changes RELEASE (lose) energy?
energy to be added - melting, vaporization
release energy - freezing, condensation
Give an example of convection.
Water boiling in a pan. It shows convection because the heat is transferred by hot molecules rising and cold molecules sinking in a convection current.
Freezing
Phase change when matter moves from a liquid to a solid (heat energy decreases)
Deposition
Phase change when matter moves from a gas to a solid and skips the liquid state (heat energy decreases)
Radiation
When heat moves in waves (does not need to touch anything)
What does it mean if one object is more dense than another?
It means that the one that is more dense has more molecules in its space. The one that is less dense has less molecules in the space.
Give an example of radiation.
Sun heating the Earth shows radiation because the heat is moving using electromagnetic radiation.
Vaporization
Phase change when matter moves from a liquid to a gas (heat energy increases)
Condensation
Phase change when matter moves from a gas to a liquid (heat energy decreases)
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
What is the difference between mass and volume?
Mass is how much matter, volume is how much space.
Why does ice float in liquid water?
It is less dense than water.
Melting
Phase change when matter moves from a solid to a liquid (heat energy increases)
Conduction
When heat moves from objects touching
Density
The amount of matter in a certain space.
What does it mean if one object is more dense than another?
It means that the one that is more dense has more molecules in its space. The one that is less dense has less molecules in the space.
If an object is cut in half, what happens to its density?
It stays the same because its volume decreased the same as the mass.