Lesson 1
smallest particle of matter
What is an atom?
A horizontal row on the periodic table
What is a period?
matter that has a constant chemical composition and characteristics
What is a substance?
a shorthand notation of one or two letters that represent the name of the element
What is a chemical symbol?
on a scale that people can see with their eyes
What is macroscopic?
the measure of the amount of 3-D space an object or substance occupies; measured in mL or cm3
What is volume?
These predicted the existence of elements that had not yet been discovered.
What are the blank spaces in Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table of elements?
characteristic of a substance (e.g. shape, color, odor)
What is a property?
the types of elements that make up a substance, as well as the specific ratios of atoms of each kind of element that make it up
What is atomic composition?
A vertical column on the periodic table
What is a group?
the amount of matter in an object or sample; measured in kilograms
What is mass?
The father of the periodic table
Who is Dmitry Mendeleev?
a property that measures how much "stuff" (mass) is packed into a certain amount of space (volume)
What is density?
the connection between atoms in more complex particles
What is a chemical bond?
a property that describes how well one substance dissolves in another substance
What is solubility?
unique fundamental building block of a type of matter (92 naturally occuring)
What is an element?
Elements on the periodic table were originally organized by only.
What is atomic mass?
two fundamental physical properties of matter which show the phase changes (solid to liquid and liquid to gas)
What are the melting point and boiling point?
the specific way in which the bonds and atoms are arranged within the molecules of a substance
What is chemical structure?
a structure whose subunits occur in a constant ratio and are arranged in a repeating pattern; the subunit can be individual atoms or a molecule
What is an extended structure?
In addition to atomic mass, Mendeleev organized elements on the periodic table using these.
What are shared properties?
a technique scientists sometimes use to determine a substance's flammability
What is a burning splint test?
a solid structure whose atoms or molecules are arranged in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern
What is crystal?
a type of extended structure that is made of many smaller, repeating subunits in a chain; the repeating subunit is a unique molecule
What is a polymer?