Properties of Matter
In chemistry, a __________ is a single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it always has a specific makeup, or composition, and a specific set of properties.
Substance
An _________ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.
element
A ________ has a definite volume, but no shape of its own.
liquid
A liquid takes the shape of its container but its ________ does not change.
volume
The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called __________.
melting
The change from a liquid to a solid is called ___________.
freezing
The ____________ the particles are moving, the greater their energy and the ____________ the temperature.
faster, higher
__________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
An ________ is the basic particle from which all elements are made.
atom
A _______ has a definite shape and a definite volume.
solid
Compared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are more _________ _________ and can collide with and move past one another.
loosely connected
Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid is called ______________.
evaporation
___________ occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface.
Boiling
When the temperature of a gas is ___________ at constant pressure, its volume _______________.
increased, increases
Every form of matter has two kinds of properties… _____________ and ____________.
physical, chemical
When atoms combine, they form a ________ _______, which is a force of attraction between two atoms.
chemical bond
Like a liquid, a gas is a fluid. Unlike a liquid, however, a gas can ________ _________ very easily.
change volume
In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to _______ _____________, colliding frequently.
move independently
The change from a liquid to a gas is called _______________.
vaporization
The reverse of vaporization is _____________. _____________ is the change in state from a gas to a liquid.
condensation, Condensation
When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is ____________, the volume of the gas _______________.
increased, decreases
A __________ _________ is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
physical property
In many cases, atoms combine to form larger particles called _________, groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
molecules
Solids that are made up of crystals are called _________ _________.
crystalline solids
_________ __________ is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.
surface tension
During condensation, the particles in a gas _______ _________ thermal energy to form a liquid.
lose enough
Like the changes between solid and liquid, the changes between liquid and gas are reversible ___________ ____________.
physical processes
When temperature increases, pressure increases. This is an example of variables that are ___________ proportional to each other.
directly
A __________ __________ is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.
chemical property
A __________ is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
compound
In __________ _________, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.
amorphous solids
Another property of liquids is __________– a liquid’s resistance to flowing.
viscosity
_______________ occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas.
Sublimation
During sublimation, particles of a solid ______ _______ _________ ___________ the liquid state as they form a gas.
do not pass through
When volume decreases, pressure increases. This is an example of variables that are _____________ proportional to each other.
inversely