Phase Changes
Liquid to solid is...
Freezing
What is the melting point of water?
0 degrees Celsius and above
Are particles always moving?
Yes....
Bonus: They do not move at absolute zero (0 Kelvin)
Forces that pull particles apart or keep them together
Think magnets!
Intermolecular forces
Repulsive Forces - Magnets repelling each other
Attractive Forces - Magnet and whiteboard
What is matter?
Matter is everything that has mass and takes up space.
Gas to liquid is...
Condensation
What is the freezing point of water?
Below 0 degrees Celsius
Show me what liquid particles look like (arrangement and movement)
You should be casually floating around but staying kind of close together
What are attractive forces?
These are forces that pull particles together.
Think about a magnet and a whiteboard
What happens to mass during a phase change?
It stays the same! This is known as conservation of mass!
A solid changing to a liquid is...
What is the boiling point of water?
100 degrees Celcius
Particles that are vibrating and huddled tight together are...
Solids!
When two grade 9s break up, what happens to their attractive forces?
The attractive forces weaken!
What happens to volume during a phase change?
Think about how ice cubes fill a glass versus how liquid water fills a glass.
A liquid going to a gas is called....
Evaporation or vaporization
Particles will begin to slow down and get closer together.
Show me particles going through condensation
This is when a gas turns into liquid.
So you should have been moving quickly and energetically, then slowing down into more flowy liquid movements.
How strong are the attractive forces between Ms. Kohut and Diet Coke?
Tell me about the magic of water...
When water freezes, the particles actually get FARTHER apart from one another when compared to liquid water!
This is why ice floats!
What is deposition?
A gas changing directly into a solid without going through the liquid state
Explain how cold and hot weather can affect infrastructure (buildings) using your knowledge of particle movement.
Hot weather makes the particles in materials expand. Cooler temperatures make the particles in materials contract. Continuous expansion and contraction can cause materials to break or crack (think potholes in the road).
Show me what particles going through sublimation would look like...
You should be huddled up and vibrating, then getting a bit farther apart and moving faster, until you are moving all around the room and very energetic (this is a solid to gas phase change).
Explain the strength of intermolecular forces when particles are heated and cooled.
When particles are heated, energy is being added, and this weakens the intermolecular forces. This is why particles get farther apart as they get heated.
When particles are being cooled, they get closer together because the intermolecular forces are getting stronger!
Come up with your own question and answer about matter!
E.g., What are particles? Little tiny pieces that make up matter.
E.g., Come up with a metaphor to describe matter and particles, explain why it works.
A sand castle is an example. The whole sand castle itself is matter, each tiny grain of sand is a particle.