Matter & Particles
What is matter?
This is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is volume?
Volume describes how much space the matter takes up.
What is melting point?
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is called this.
What is density?
Property of matter measures how tightly packed particles are in a substance
What is melting?
Solid to liquid change
What are particles?
These tiny pieces make up all matter, including atoms and molecules.
What are two main characteristics of a solid?
This state of matter has a definite shape, definite volume, and tightly packed particles that vibrate in place.
What is freezing point?
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid is called this
What is Buoyancy?
Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float in a fluid (liquid or gas).
What is condensation?
Gas to liquid change.
How does heat affect particles?
As heat is applied, particles move faster and spread out possibly changing states.
What are two characteristics of a liquid?
This state of matter has no definite shape, takes the shape of its container, but has a definite volume.
What is thermal expansion?
When matter is heated, particles move faster and spread apart expand.
What does it mean when an object is positively buoyant?
Objects less dense than the fluid so it floats.
What is sublimation?
Solid to gas change
What is the inter molecular force of particles? How strong is it in each state of matter?
Particles are attracted to each other. Strong attraction → solid, medium → liquid, weak → gas.
What are two characteristics of a gas?
This state of matter has no definite shape or volume, and its particles move freely far apart.
What is the principle of conservation of mass?
This is the principle that mass stays the same even when matter changes form or state.
What does it mean when an object is negatively buoyant ?
Objects denser than the fluid, meaning it sinks.
What are 3 gases air is made up of?
Nitrogen ~78%
Oxygen ~21%
Carbon Dioxide
Water vapour
Argon
What is the Particle Theory of Matter?
This theory explains that all matter is made of particles that are always moving and have spaces between them.
What is compressibility?
How much matter can be squeezed or squished
How does heat affect materials in construction and why is this important when choosing materials?
Heat causes expansion, cold causes contraction; engineers must choose materials that handle temperature changes safely and avoid cracks or damage.
What does it mean when something is neutrally buoyant? Give an example we talked about in class.
Objects with density equal to the fluid. Ex. watermelon, or scuba diving.
What are 3 properties of air?
Air cannot be felt unless it is moving
Air cannot see clean air