Temperature
What scale is used to measure temperature in the US?
Fahrenheit (°F) scale
What is matter?
Is everything that has mass and takes up space
When it comes to designing infrastructure what is one factor that engineers must considered?
How material may react to the changes in temperature
What are the three states of matter
Solid, liquid and gas
What units do we measure temperature in?
Celsius
What is it called when a liquid turns into a gas?
Evaporation
What are particles?
The tiny bits (atoms or molecules) that make up everything
What is the main cause for cracks in sidewalks?
Temperature change, expansion and contraction
What is an intermolecular force?
The force between molecules that helps hold them together or pulls them apart
What is water's boiling point?
100°C
When ice turns into water what remains constant?
Mass
What happens to matter when particels are cooled?
They slow down and come closer together
What is a physical change that can happen to materials that undergo temperature changes?
Expansion or contraction
What is an attractive force?
Are special forces that make things come closer to each other, even if they're not touching
What happens to particles when matter is heated?
They move quicker and spread out further
What happens to the liquid inside a liquid thermometer when it is heated?
It expands
At what temperature does water freeze?
0°C
Failure to account for temperature changes in infrastructure design can lead to?
Deformities and cracks
Draw a picture showing the particles in the three states of matter
Answers may vary
What is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas?
Boiling point
What are two substances you could find inside of a liquid thermometer?
Mercury and alcohol
What happens to water's volume when it freezes?
It expands
Describe three consequences of ignoring temperature effects in infrastructure design?
Maintenance cost, safety risk for users, and potential structural failure
Rank the intermolecualr forces between the three states of matter from strongest to weakest
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Who invented the Celsius scale?
Anders Celsius