States of Matter
Liquid
Tommy leaves his wagon out in the rain for several days. He notices that some spots on the iron handle of the wagon have turned from silver to reddish-orange, forming rust. Is this a physical or chemical change?
Chemical Change
Which of the following dissolves in water? (Select all that apply)
Oil, Salt, Sand, Sugar, Vinegar
Salt, Sugar, and Vinegar
What do you call the process where a solid changes into a liquid?
Melting
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
Mercury is a substance that exists on Earth as both a gas and a liquid. What is the most likely way in which mercury the gas and liquid mercury are different?
a. Mercury gas is colder than liquid mercury.
b. Liquid mercury is colder than mercury gas.
c. Mercury gas has more mass than liquid mercury.
d. Liquid mercury has more mass than mercury gas.
B. Liquid mercury is colder than mercury gas.
Solids are colder than liquids. Liquids are colder than gases.
You cannot tell which one has more mass simply by knowing what state it is in.
Luna is popping popcorn to watch a movie and melts butter to pour over the top. Is melting the butter a physical or chemical change?
Physical change
Repeat after me: Changes of state are physical changes. Changes of state are physical changes. Changes of state are physical changes.
Dylan is given a mixture of salt, sand, and iron filings. Explain the steps he would take to separate out each of the parts. (4 steps)
1. Use magnet to remove iron filings.
2. Add water to dissolve the salt.
3. Pour through a filter or sieve to separate the sand.
4. Evaporate the water to leave behind the salt.
Every morning, the sprinklers run on the recess field. This leaves a puddle of water on the picnic tables. However, Tom notices that when he goes out to recess later in the day, the water is no longer on the table. If no one wiped it up, what happened to the water?
The water evaporated.
Evaporation is when something changes from a liquid to a gas. This happens when the temperature increases, like when the sun shines throughout the day.
Density = _____ divided by _____
*Must write both words in correct order to get points*
Density = MASS divided by VOLUME
The volume of an unknown substance in a sealed glass jar is 60 milliliters. The volume of the jar is 100 milliliters. Which state of matter could the substance be?
Solid or liquid
Why? If it was a gas, it would have the same volume as the jar. Both solids and liquids have definite volumes, so either answer is correct.
What do you call the substance that is formed when water reacts with iron, turning shiny silver metal to a dull orange-red?
Rust (Iron Oxide)
Mrs. Brian and Lily are baking cookies. They realize that they accidentally mixed powdered sugar with the chocolate chips instead of granulated sugar. Mrs. Brian suggests dissolving the sugar in water, but Lily insists that will make the chocolate chips unusable and they don't have another bag. What should they do instead?
Pour the mixture through a sieve- the chocolate chips will get trapped in the sieve but the powdered sugar will go through the holes.
Stanley is boiling water and notices that some of it is escaping as steam. Which one explains what is happening?
A. The mass of the water has changed.
B. The state of the water has changed.
C. The density of the water has increased.
D. The temperature of the water has decreased.
B. The state of the water has changed.
The water changed from liquid to gas as the temperature increased.
A _______ is a change that produces one or more new substances.
Chemical change
During an activity in science class, Lottie observed the following physical properties of an unknown substance:
Color- White
Texture- Dry and scratchy
Mass- 35 grams
Volume- 15 milliliters
Which of those properties gives the best evidence that the substance is a solid?
Texture
Only a solid would be described as dry and scratchy.
Kylie is getting ready for Santa and wants to make sure the chimney is clean. She notices that after they used their fireplace there’s a thin layer of black powder on the inside called soot. What happened to create the soot?
A. The logs evaporated.
B. The bricks melted.
C. The bricks reacted with the air.
D. A chemical reaction occurred when the wood burned.
D. A chemical reaction occurred when the wood burned.
Both A and B describe changes of state, which are physical changes.
Mrs. Coady is feeling really tired. She needs to get some coffee fast! However, she can only drink coffee if it has sugar in it. She has both granulated sugar and sugar cubes. Which would dissolve faster and why?
The granulated sugar because the particles are smaller and it has more surface area.
Mrs. Griffin pours water into an ice cube tray and places it in the freezer. Which of the following describes what will happen to the water as it freezes?
A. Its mass will change.
B. Its state will change.
C. Its density will increase.
D. Its temperature will increase.
B. Its state will change.
The water will change from a liquid to a solid.
A ____(1)____ is a physical combination of two or more substances where each of the substances keeps its original properties.
A ____(2)_____ is a special type of (1) where the substances are spread out evenly.
**To get 400, you must get both words correct.**
1. Mixture
2. Solution
Brooks has a 100-gram sample of water in a sealed, 1-liter container. If the water is in a gaseous state as steam, what would you expect to happen when he moves the sample to a sealed, 2-liter container?
It would take on the shape and volume of the new container.
Billy Bob's mom is cutting up apples to put in his lunch tomorrow. She leaves some on the counter to eat for a snack, and soaks the ones for his lunch in a bowl of water. Why would the ones on the counter turn brown faster than those in the water?
The air causes a chemical reaction with the apples and the water does not.
What are the three ways you can speed up dissolving?
1. Increase the temperature.
2. Stir the solution.
3. Increase the surface area by breaking it into smaller pieces.
Gregory makes the following observations during an investigation where a substance was heated:
1. The color changed from yellow to brown.
2. The mass was 25 g both before and after heating.
3. The temperature increased from 23 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius.
4. The texture changed from powdery to wet.
Which state change did Gregory observe? (Answer should be state to state)
Solid to liquid
Powdery is a clue it started as a solid. Wet is a clue that it's now a liquid.
What is the word for each of the following changes?
1. Solid to liquid
2. Liquid to gas
3. Gas to liquid
4. Liquid to solid
*Must get all 4 to receive credit*
1. Melting
2. Evaporating or Evaporation
3. Condensing or Condensation
4. Freezing