Chapter 5
viruses that infect bacteria
How do bacteria replicate?
Binary Fission
The use of a physical process or a chemical agent to destroy or remove vegetative pathogens, but not bacterial endospores. Typically applied to inanimate surfaces
Disinfection
The smallest concentration (or highest dilution) of a drug that visibly inhibits the growth of a microorganism
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
What is a provirus?
viral DNA is incorporated into the DNA of the host
These microbes require oxygen
aerobe
Any cleansing technique that mechanically removes most microbes and debris from animate or inanimate surfaces to reduce contamination to safe levels
Preparations of live microorganisms administered to humans or animals to improve or restore intestinal biota
Probiotics
What are prions?
abnormal, pathogenic, transmissible proteins
What kind of microbe live in habitats with a high solute concentration?
Osmophiles
The application of chemical agents to exposed body surfaces, wounds, or surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens
Antisepsis
A secondary infection or complication caused by the overgrowth of microbes that were previously present in small numbers, occurring after an antimicrobial drug destroys the host's beneficial resident microbiota
Super Infection
what do we use in vivo methods for?
viral cultivation in LAB ANIMALS or EMBRYONIC BIRD tissues
what happens to a bacterial cell without a cell wall when it is placed in a hypotonic environment?
it swells and might burst
Polar molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic region
Surfactant
The ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans relative to its minimum effective dose
Therapeutic Index
What is the lytic cycle/phase?
replication cycle of bacteriophage that ends in destruction of the bacterial cell
Which nutritional category describes microbes that obtain both carbon and energy from organic compounds?
chemoheterotroph
Antimicrobial chemicals dissolved in pure alcohol or water–alcohol mixtures
Tincture
The ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging host tissues
Selective Toxicity