Normal ranges
Signs and symptoms
Critical interventions
Scenarios
25
What is the average normal BP?
less than 120/80 mmHg
25
What are the 5 signs and symptoms of shock?
1) Cool extremities 2) Altered mental status
3) Weak pulses, can be rapid
4) Pale, mottled, cyanotic skin
5) Delayed capillary refill (> 3 seconds)
25
The acronym FAST is often used to identify signs and symptoms of a stroke. What does FAST stand for?
Face, Arms, Speech
Time of symptom onset and
Time to call 911
25
What is the best position to place an unconscious, breathing patient with no apparent head/neck injuries?
Recovery position (3/4 prone)
50
What is the normal capillary refill time?
Less than 2 seconds
50
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?List 3
- Increased thirst and a dry mouth (polydipsia)
- Increased hunger (polyphagia)
- Increased urination (polyuria)
- Blurred vision
- Lethargy/tiredness
50
Name 2 effective methods to cool a heat exhaustion patient
Spray with water and fan Cool packs on the back of the neck, underarm pits, groin
Electrolytes are also just as important. Moving away from the heat source
50
If an infant has a pulse but is not breathing, how often should you deliver rescue breaths to the infant?
When providing rescue breathing to an infant, you should provide one breath every 6-8 seconds or about 20-30 breaths/min
100
What is the normal range for respirations and heart rate for a healthy adult?
12-20 breaths/min
60-100 bpm
Note: athletes may be lower
100
List signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
/4
1) Altered LOC
2) Tachycardia (high heart rate)
3) Shaking, dizziness
4) Sweating
5) Irritability/confusion
6) Hunger
100
What is a critical intervention you MUST perform on all sprains, breaks, etc?
If no pulse is present, this is now a limb-threatening injury and requires escalation of care
Colour, Warmth, Movement, Sensation, Cap Refill are also just as important. Pulse checks as well.
100
You have an adult in cardiac arrest and no adult AED pads, however, you have a set of child AED pads. What do you do?
Better to continue to high-quality CPR than use a child set of AED pads on an adult, as the attempt is not enough to be effective – minimize unnecessary interruptions of CPR
200
What are the compression depths for adults and infants?
Adults and adolescents: At least 5 cm (2 inches)
Infants: At least one third of the AP diameter of the chest or approximately 4 cm (1 1/2 inches)
Bonus: Children is at least one-third the AP diameter of the chest or approximately 5 cm (2 inches)
200
The typical signs of a heart attack are based on the experience of middle-aged men. Women, the elderly, and people with diabetes are more likely to have less typical signs of a heart attack, such as (list two examples) and may describe chest discomfort as (list two examples) instead of as pain.
Signs include shortness of breath, weakness, unusual fatigue, cold sweat, and dizziness.
Women who report chest discomfort
may describe it as pressure, aching, or tightness rather than as pain.
Other less typical signs are heartburn or indigestion; an uncomfortable feeling in the back, jaw, neck, or shoulder; and nausea or vomiting.
People who have trouble communicating may not be able to articulate signs of a heart attack (Heart & Stroke Foundation)
Note: In Canada, research showed early heart attack signs were missed in 78% of women (Heart & Stroke Foundation)
200
What is the critical interventions for a hemorrhage/massive bleed?
1) Apply direct firm pressure with abdo-pad If it soaks through, apply another abdo-pad with more pressure If it soaks through again, apply a tourinquet on the long bone
(note time and do not release after applied, place least 2-3 inches from the wound)
2) Elevate the part if possible
3) Provide a blanket to prevent heat loss
200
There was an earthquake, and many people are injured. List and explain each of the colours used in triage
Red - immediate treatment, most urgent
Yellow - stable, no immediate danger, but needs observation, urgent
Green - will require medical treatment, but not urgent
Black - patient has passed or has extensive injuries and is unlikely to survive, least urgent