Scrumptious
what triggers the classical pathway?
anti-bodies
why is the skin a protective layer?
frequently sheds, too dry for microbes, not easily penetrated by microbes
acidity of the stomach?
pH 2
what does the lysozyme do?
degrade peptidoglycan
what are lysozymes?
white blood cells. fight infection
Why is the mucus membrane good protection?
microbes get trapped in mucus, cilia sweeps it away
what do lysozymes do?
degrade peptidoglycan
how do mutations occur?
induced or spontaneous
what does dna ligase do?
join okazaki fragments together
how much ATP and NADH made in the TCA cycle?
2 ATP 8 NADH
transduction
5 classes of AB
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
which horizontal gene transfer uses F plasmids?
conjugation
what do defensins do?
poke holes in membrane.
what do the lactoferrins do?
iron binds to microbes, making it unavailable to microbes for growth
what triggers the lectin pathway?
MBL
what triggers the alternative pathway?
what triggers the classical pathway?
antibodies
what are viroids?
naked rna, no protein coat. cause disease in plants
what are prions
infectious proteins. no genetic material. make holes in the brain
what are the 3 groups of leukocytes?
monocytes, granulates, lymphocytes
what are the 3 groups of mononuclear phagocytes?
dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages
what are the 3 complement system pathways?
alternative, lectin, classical
what are the 3 groups of granulocytes?
basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
what does DNA polymerase do?
add base pairs to dan in replication