Pathology
What type of shock involves cardiac output being reduced from direct trauma or pathophysiology to the heart
Cardiogenic Shock
Massage therapy and touch stimulates the release of hormones that can help with anxiety and stress. Apart from endorphins, which two hormones are involved in modulating and regulating mood?
Serotonin and Dopamine
Which body plane splits the body into right or left sides?
Saggital Plane
The client projects emotions or feelings, negative or positive, from old relationships (e.g., a critical parent) onto the therapist.
Transference
If a body part moves away from one's midline, what joint movement is being used?
Abduction
Postural assessment should be observed from which positions?
Anterior, Posterior and Lateral (both sides)
Symptoms occur when blood flow to an end organ is blocked. Affected people experience features of myocardial infarction, angina, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
Atherosclerosis
What is the purpose of traction?
To stretch muscles by creating space between two or more body parts, decompress joints and improve mobility.
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
This occurs when two or more different types of relationships between a massage therapist and a client exists.
Dual relationships
Name the 5 adductor muscles
Pectineus, Adductor Brevis, Longus, Magnus, Gracilis
What are the two phases of GAIT analysis?
Stance phase and Swing phase
This is an acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, typically caused by staphylocci strains. Can include warmth, edema, and fever.
Cellulitis
3 Benefits of massage to the Integumentary system include:
Increase of blood flow to the skin, the facilitation of sebaceous secretions, and the ability to maintain healthy skin.
Where is ATP produced?
Mitochondria
Failure to perform one's duty. The five elements involved are Duty, Breach, Causation, Harm, Foreseeability.
Negligence/Malpractice
A person is driving a car and looks over their left shoulder to check for cars. In what plane does this movement occur?
Transvers plane
What does SOAP stand for and what goes in each area?
S - Subjective: what the client tells you
O - Objective: what you observe with hands/eyes and any special tests done BEFORE massage
A - Assessment: what is done during massage and then any special tests being retested after massage
P - Plan: What you recommend for after the session, client rebooking and plan for future sessions
Bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass and density and breakdown of bone matrix.
Osteoporosis
Cold application (Cryotherapy) induces __________ of the blood vessels
Vasoconstriction
The upper right quadrant contains which structures/orgrans?
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, right kidney, duodenum (small intestine), and ascending colon (large intestine).
What is Countertransference?
Which muscle elevates the scapula?
Levator Scapula
What would a therapist be testing for when utilizing Phalen's test and Tinel's sign test?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Paralysis of the facial nerve, often only affecting one side of the face
Bell's Palsy
What is the PRIMARY physiological response to local heat application?
Vasodilation, which increases blood flow, oxygen delivery, and waste removal in the tissue
Define Peristalsis
Peristalsis is the involuntary, wave-like muscle contractions that propel substances (like food, urine, or sperm) through tubular organs such as the digestive tract, ureters, and vas deferens.
Ensuring clients fully understand the treatment plan, risks, and benefits before they agree, based on truthful information.
Informed Consent
Define Elasticity
This means that muscle tissue can recoil or bounce back to its initial length after it is stretched and released.
What are the 3 stages (in order) for frozen shoulder and what is the other name for this condition?
1. Acute "Freezing" Stage
2. Subacute "Frozen" Stage
3. Chronic "Thawing" Stage
Adhesive Capsulitis
Body stiffness and generalized achy pain. Patients may also experience headaches, irritable bowel, anxiety, and depression. It's a dysfunction of centrally mediated pain sensors.
Fibromyalgia
What are the two primary techniques used to deactivate a trigger point?
Ischemic Compression & Pincer technique
What Endocrine gland is considered the "master gland" and what does it secrete?
Pituitary gland and it secretes hormones (FSH, Prolactin, TSH, and more.
Veracity
Name the four different types of skeletal muscle shapes
Parallel, Pennate, Convergent, Circular
When assessing Range of Motion, which 5 ROM assessments can the therapist utilize?
AROM, PROM, RROM, AAROM & ARROM
(Say what they all stand for)
This condition includes risk factors of: female, age over 40 years, immobility, thyroid disorders, diabetes, Parkinson's, and tuberculosis.
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Why would Cryotherapy be contraindicated for an open wound injury?
Because it slows down the healing and tissue regeneration
What is the pathway of bloodflow through the heart?
RA --> RV --> PA --> LUNGS --> PV --> LA --> LV --> AORTA
Practices and procedures that are permissible for a massage therapist and can vary from state to state
Scope of practice
Sensory fiber located between a muscle and a tendon. It detects muscle tension and forms the sensory part of __________.
Golgi Tendon
Describe what type of activities would require slow twitch, Type 1 muscle fibers
Marathon - anything involving endurance, slow to fatigue
This syndrome is characterized by vasospasms of arteries in the hands dueto cold or emotional stress. Can be presented as paresthesia in the affected hand with burning, tingling or cold sensations and pain.
Reynaud's Syndrome
This modality uses techniques that manipulate certain regions in the feet that are believed to correspond to specific areas in the body.
Reflexology
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling one's concentration, planning and problem solving?
Frontal lobe
What does HIPPA stand for? And why is it important?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
It's important to maintain client confidentiality
During concentric contraction of the hamstrings, which movement occurs at the hip joint? Name all 3 hamstring muscles
Hip Extension
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis
What is the postural term when the head and hips thrust forward and the pelvis tilts backward.
Swayback Posture
Narcotics class medicatios include which common medications?
Fentanyl, Morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone
Specifically related to prenatal massage and the endocrine system, which neurotransmitter does massage increase the secretion of that is useful in the progress of labor?
Oxytocin
Name the 11 major organ systems of the body and BRIEF description of each one:
Describe the Power Differential
The power differential in massage therapy stems from the therapist's expertise, knowledge, and authority to touch, creating inherent vulnerability in the client who seeks healing, making the therapist responsible for ethical conduct, clear boundaries (like proper draping), and informed consent to prevent misuse of power and ensure client safety and autonomy.
Describe characteristics of Phasic muscles
Higher proportion of type 2 fibers, fast twitch
Respond quickly and forcefully when stimulated
Which motion is limited if the piriformis muscle is hypertonic?
Hip Internal Rotation