Greek Victory & Persian Defeat
What is local knowledge or geography?
What tactic allowed the Greeks to use terrain to their advantage, particularly in mountain passes?
What is Delos?
This island was the original location of the Delian League's treasury.
What is 465 BC?
The transformation of the Delian League into the Athenian Empire began around this year.
What is tribute?
Instead of ships or money contributed by members, Athens began to exact this from its client states, using the resources to build up Athens and its fleet.
What is Ostracism?
This method, used in Athens, allowed for the banishment of a citizen suspected of becoming too powerful for 10 years without confiscation of property
Who was the Athenian leader credited with foresight in developing the Athenian navy, crucial for naval victories?
Who is Themistocles?
What are to obtain revenge and reparations from Persia, liberate all Hellenes from Mede domination, and guarantee the continued freedoms of Hellenic poleis?
What were the three explicit objectives of the Delian League upon its formation?
What is the removal of the League treasury from Delos to Athens?
This event, which occurred in 454 BC, marked a significant step by moving the League's funds to Athens and placing them under Athenian control.
What is imperialism?
Athens' actions towards its allies evolved into what the sources describe as a form of "open, hard" this, going beyond the original aims of the league.
Who are the thetes?
This term refers to the landless Athenian labourers whose increasing influence is considered a key democratic development, partly enabled by economic growth and shifts in power to the poor
What Greek infantry formation, fighting shoulder-to-shoulder with large shields and spears, was difficult for the lighter-armed Persians to break?
What is the phalanx?
What is the Delian League?
Formed in 478/7 BC, this league of Greek states grew out of the earlier Hellenic League after Spartan leadership was rejected by the Aegean Greeks.
What is 450 BC?
By approximately this year, the alliance of independent Greek states had become an Athenian Empire whose resources were no longer primarily directed against Persia.
What are other Greek city-states?
As Athens gained more power, it began using the League for its own benefit, interfering with the internal mechanisms of allied cities and forcing them to join or punishing revolts. What type of states did they begin to use the League forces against, which wasn't the original intention?
What are having an Athenian mother and father?
According to the definition provided in the sources, an Athenian citizen was a male over the age of 18 with these two specific qualifications for parentage
What is the Battle of Salamis?
This battle's outcome was significantly influenced by fighting in narrow straits, hindering the larger Persian fleet's maneuverability.
Who is Cimon?
This Athenian, son of Miltiades, led many of the early Delian League campaigns, including the decisive victory at Eurymedon.
What is Naxos?
This island member attempted to revolt in 470-69 BC and was punished by having its status reduced to a subject member, providing an early example of changing relations.
What are honorary colonists?
By transferring jurisdiction of allied poleis to Athens and assessing tribute unilaterally, Athens began treating the members like this type of Athenian settlement or colony, where jurisdiction belonged to Athens.
What is service in the fleet or as oarsmen?
The economic and demographic growth before Xerxes' invasion, including reforms and land redistribution, empowered citizens across property classes, enabling a larger pool to serve in the military, including this crucial naval role manned by professional oarsmen
What is motivation?
Besides geographical advantages and tactics, this factor, stemming from fighting for homes, families, and democracy, is cited as a reason for Greek victory.
What is Carystus?
Actions of the League forces in the period up to Eurymedon included capturing Eion, the island of Scyrus, and forcing this city to join after reducing it in 472 BC.
What is Aegina?
In 457 BC, this powerful naval state and member of the Peloponnesian League lost its independence to Athens and was forced into the Delian League as a tribute-paying subject.
What is the Peace of Callias?
This treaty, supposedly signed in 449-8 BC, ended the war with Persia, removing the original primary justification for the Delian League, yet Athens continued to demand contributions from members
What is citizenship law?
The definition of an Athenian citizen, including the requirement for both an Athenian mother and father, is listed as a key development related to this area of Athenian law