What is a genetic disorder?
an illness caused by genetic changes to a persons DNA
What is an allele?
one of two or more forms of a gene
These are the stages of mitosis.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Name three ways genetic changes can occur?
change to a single gene
increase or decrease in chromosomes
multiple changes to one or more genes combined with environmental factors
compare phenotype to genotype
genotype is the specific combination of alleles
phenotype is the physical description of an organisms trait.
What is cancer? What are the causes?
is the uncontrolled growth and divisions of cells-a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle
Due to a mutation in the segments of DNA that control cell cycle.
Homozygous compared to heterozygous
homozygous means two of the same alleles
heterozygous two diiferent alleles for a particular trait
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
haploid
The first mammal cloned was....
Dolly the sheep
Nondisjunction Define:
When it can occur
and the results
an error that occurs during meiosis that results in too few or too many chromosomes
Anaphase I or II
Abnormal gametes 2 gamets have too many 2 gamets havve 2 few
or 2 normal gametes and 1 gamet too many and 1 gamete too few
What is a pedigree?
a visual representation of how a trait is inherited in different generations
at what stage in meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up along the middle of the cell?
Metaphase I
How many mothers did dolly the sheep have?
3
donor egg
donor DNA
surrogate mom
Briefly describe one DNA technology and give an example of how it is used
Reproductive technology
genetic testing
Designer babies
Saviour siblings
cloning
GMO
Gene therapy
Why does the expression of a trait determined by a recessive allele on an X chromosome differ between men and women
men have only one X chromosomes so if the recessive trait is present on it then it will be expressed. They dont have another X to possibly dominate that expression
Compare mitosis and meiosis. Include at least three points of comparison
one division vs. 2 division
pair of homologous doesnt occur vs. does
2n vs n
identical daughters vs unique daughters
2 cells vs. 4 cells
somatic cells vs. gametes
growth and repair vs. genetic variation
Marty is homozygous dominant for brown hair. Felicia is homozygous recessive for blonde hair. What percent of their offspring will have blonde hair? This is the genotypes of their children.
What is Bb? 0% blonde
What is the human genome project?
one of the most important scientific accomplishments in history!!
determine the sequence of the human genome(complete genetic information)