DNA/biotech
this is part of chromatin is dark, dense, and silent while this part of chromatin is light, uncondensed, and expressed
heterochromatin, euchromatin
when a sarcomere contracts, both _ zone and _ band shorten while _ band is unchanged
H, I, A
what are the 3 major posttranscriptional modifications that turn hnRNA into mature mRNA?
intron/exon splicing, 5' cap, 3' poly-A tail
alcohols are good this group for carbonyls, as reaction with a dialcohol forms an unreactive acetal. After other reactions, it can be removed with aq acid.
Thin-layer/paper chromatography uses _ solvent (mobile phase) and _ card (stationary phase)
nonpolar, polar
Opposite of reverse-phase chromatography!
these two parts of the DNA have high G-C content, heterochromatic (transcriptionally silent)
telomeres and centromeres
slow-twitch (contract slow, sustain activity) vs fast-twitch (contract fast, fatigue quickly)
this process is when genes use various combinations of exons to create multiple proteins from one hnRNA transcript
alternative splicing
treatment of phenols with oxidizing agents produces this that can be further ox to this
quinones, hydroxyquinones
simple
with the exception of DNAP reading direction, everything in molecular biology is this: DNA synthesis, DNA repair, RNA transcription, RNA translation
5'->3'
___ is required for releasing myosin head from actin filament. ___ from myosin is responsible for the powerstroke.
binding of ATP vs dissociation of ADP+Pi
The Jacob-Monod model says operons are inducible or repressible clusters of genes transcribed as a single mRNA. The lac operon is this but the trp operon is this.
inducible vs repressible
this reaction is when an ald/ket acts both as nucleophile and electrophile. One carbonyl forms enolate, attacks other carbonyl. After aldol is formed, a dehydration reaction results in a, B-unsat carbonyl
aldol condensation
this is the wavenumber range for alcohols in IR spec
3100-3500 cm-1, broad
this is the summation of multiple simple twitches that occur too quickly for muscle to relax-> stronger more prolonged contraction
tetanus
this ribosome has 50S and 30S subunits vs this ribosome has 60S and 40S subunits
prokaryotic vs eukaryotic
this process is when triacylglycerol turns into soap and glycerol upon addition of a base like NaOH
saponification
in H-NMR this is the approximate chemical shift (ppm) downfield from TMS for aromatic hydrogens
6-8.5 ppm
These are the 5 things needed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an automated process that can create millions of copies of DNA from a very small sample by hybridization
DNA template, primers, DNA nucleotide bases (dNTPs), Taq polymerase enzyme, buffer
what events initiate muscle contraction? start with NT release to where myosin binds with actin
1. motor neuron releases ACh 2. binds AChR (sarcolemma) 3. depol 4. spread signal via T tubules 5. SR releases Ca2+ 6. Ca2+ binds troponin 7. confo shift in tropomyosin 8. expose myosin binding sites 9. myosin binds actin
This site in the ribosome binds incoming aminoacyl tRNA, this site holds tRNA w/ growing polypeptide, this site holds uncharged tRNA until exits ribosome
A, P, E
Rank the following CAD's based on dec reactivity: CA, amides, esters, acyl halides, anhydrides
acyl halides> anhydrides> CA and esters> amides
in this chromatography, we use nonpolar solvent (mobile) and polar, porous beads in column (stationary) to separate components by size
size-exclusion