Thermodynamics
What symbol and letter represents entropy?
Adenylyl Cyclase turns ____ into ____
ATP into cAMP
What structure is attached to desmosomes?
Intermediate filaments.
If leading/lagging strands are synthesized 5’-3’, which way are they read?
3’-5’.
Enzymes do what to the activation energy of a reaction?
Decrease.
Early embryonic development results in what type of ∆G.
Positive.
Gap junctions allow for what type of signaling?
Contact dependent signaling.
What structures allow microtubules to facilitate cell motility?
Flagella and Cilia.
What two enzymes work in unzipping the DNA?
Helicase and Topoimerase.
Allosteric inhibition requires inhibitors to bind to what site of the enzyme?
Allosteric site.
ATP requires this molecule to breakdown into ADP and Inorganic Phosphate.
Water.
What allows the alpha subunit to separate from the beta and gamma subunits?
Replacement of GDP to GTP.
Which part of the cytoskeleton would you most likely see during cell division?
Microtubles.
T/F: There is only one origin of replication in a replication fork.
False.
T/F: Enzymes can change endergonic reactions to exergonic reactions.
False.
Between AMP, ADP, and ATP, which molecule contains the most potential energy?
ATP.
How would PKA activation differ in an over-activated fight-or-flight response?
PKA would be activated with or without cAMP.
The epithelium of the bladder would include large amounts of these cell structures.
Tight junctions.
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of what type of bond?
Increasing cell temperature will cause enzyme function to…
Increase.
What does the second law of thermodynamics?
Disorder increases when energy is transformed.
Name an example of how a cell signal response in GPCRs would be terminated.
1. cAMP is degraded in the cytoplasm.
2. Phosphotase removes phosphate from target proteins.
3. GTP is dephosphorylated.
4. Ligand detaches from membrane receptor.
5. Adenylyl cyclase is inactivated.
A tadpole’s ability to shift from light to dark coloration and back again is related to the function of microfilaments. Which motor protein is responsible for this shift?
Dynein
What is the correct RNA primer sequences (for 6 nucleotides) for the DNA strand below?
5’ - ATCTGAAT........TGCGCTAAT - 3’
5’ - AUUAGC - 3
Abrupt changes in cell pH will cause enzyme function to…
Decrease.