Reproduction
Which of the following is not a form of reproduction that prokaryotes can do?
A. Binary fission
B. Budding
C. Sporulation
D. Filamentous
E. None of the above
What is C?
In which stage of the growth curve are bacteria growing the fastest and are the "happiest"?
A. Lag
B. Log
C. Stationary
D. Death
E. Long-term stationary
What is B?
The generation time of a bacteria is 30 minutes, what is the growth rate constant?
What is 2 doublings/hr?
Fill in the blank:
Most microbes maintain an internal pH near ________.What is neutrality?
True or false:
Growth refers to individual cells rather than population growth.
What is false?
This is the system that helps form the Z ring.
What is the MinCDE system?
These are the two hypotheses of the death phase.
What is viable but not culturable (VBNC) and programmed cell death (PCD)?
For extra points, describe these hypotheses.
You start with 1 bacteria. This is how many bacteria you have after 5 generations.
What is 1 x 25 = 32?
These are the cardinal growth temperatures.
What is minimum, maximum, and optimum?
For extra points, what is the range between the minimum and maximum temperatures?
Which of the following anchors the Z ring to the cell membrane?
A. FtsZ
B. FtsA
C. MreB
D. MinCDE
E. CreS
What is B?
Which of the following is matched incorrectly?
A. Stalk- allows bacteria to attach to hard surface
B. ParB- binds to parS
C. ParA- polymerizes and attaches to ParB
D. parS- protein that is next to oriC
E. oriC- bound by DNA polymerase and allows replication
What is D?
In which of the following scenarios will bacteria NOT experience a lag phase?
A. Moving from a medium with lactose to a medium with glucose
B. Moving from a medium with glucose to a medium with lactose
C. Moving from the stationary phase into a fresh medium
D. Moving from the death phase into a fresh medium
E. Moving from a rich to a poor culture
What is A?
You start with 5 bacteria per ml. Its generation time is 30 minutes. You leave this bacteria for 2 hours.
This is how many bacteria are present (per ml) after 2 hours.
What is 80 bacteria?
Which of the following structures is most likely to be found in a hyperthermophile?
A. Bilayer cell membrane
B. More alpha-helix and beta-sheets
C. Unsaturated fatty acids
D. Polar amino acids
E. Histone-like proteins
What is E?
True or false:
Microbes cannot regulate their internal temperature.
What is true?
These are the roles of pencillin and vancomycin.
What is...
Penicillin- inhibits the attachment of the third amino acid
Vancomycin- inhibits the removal of the terminal amino acid (D-alanine)
For extra points, what other antibiotic is used to inhibit the cell wall?
This describes the movement to a fresh medium of
different chemical composition.
What is biphasic growth?
10 bacteria multiply into 100 bacteria in 3 hours.
This is what g is.
What is 0.903?
For extra points, what is k?
This is the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD).
What is converting superoxide into hydrogen peroxide (and oxygen)?
For extra points, what kind of bacteria does not use SOD?
This is how different microbes "talk" to each other in a biofilm.
What is quorum sensing?
For extra points, these are processes that are regulated by quorum sensing.
Which of the following is true? Select all that apply:
A. Bactoprenol brings NAM and NAG from the outside of the cell to the inside.
B. MinCDE forms at the poles of the cell and can be found on both sides simultaneously.
C. E.coli can have FtsZ and MreB.
D. Autolysins are proteins that self-destruct and can help in cellular growth.
E. FtsA is an integral protein.
What is C, D, and E?
Which of the following is true? Select all that apply:
A. VBNCs are a form of sporulation.
B. Prokaryotes grow faster than eukaryotes.
C. The GASP phenotype is the phenotype that helps bacteria survive in long-term stationary phase.
D. There is net growth in the stationary phase.
E. The long-term stationary phase is where evolution is seen.
What is B, C, and E?
This is how long it takes for 100 bacteria to multiply into 100,000,000 bacteria if the bacteria has a generation time of 30 minutes.
What is about 10 hours?
(9.97 hours)
Which of the following is true? Select all that apply:
A. Compatible solutes are found in bacteria in hypertonic environments.
B. Halobacterium spp. is a bacteria that is an extreme halophile.
C. Most bacteria cannot survive in high pH environments.
D. The optimal temperature of bacteria is closer to the minimum than the maximum temperature.
E. E. coli is a facultative anaerobe that grows better in the absence of oxygen.
What is A and C?
Review question:
Which of the following is true? Select all that apply:
A. All Gram-positive bacteria can perform sporulation.
B. All living organisms have a cell membrane.
C. All bacteria have peptidoglycan.
D. All eukaryotes are multicellular.
E. All prokaryotes are unicellular.
What is B and E?