Transcription
DNA sequence that is bound by a repressor, which inhibits or decreases transcription
What is a silencer element/sequence?
The amount of bonds between Adenine and Thymine
what is 2/double bond?
A point mutation that results in a codon specifying the same amino acid.
What is a silent mutation?
the enzyme that helps initiate DNA replication
What is primase? (RNA)
The gene that catabolizes lactose
What is lactose operon?
what are the 3 steps of transcription? (must name all 3 for points.)
Initiation, elongation, and termination
The three components that make up a nucleotide (must name all 3)
Nitrogenous base (purine/pyrimidine), pentose sugar & phosphate
The kind of mutation that results from insertion or deletion of codons that is NOT a multiple of 3
What is a frameshift mutation?
The enzyme responsible for alleviating super coils in DNA
What is topoisomerase?
Chromatin that is highly condensed and expressively inactive.
What is heterochromatin?
post-transcriptional modification done to the 3' end of the mRNA that terminates transcription and stabilizes the mRNA
What is the addition of poly-a tail
the origin point for DNA replication is rich in these nitrogenous bases
what is adenine and thymine (extra 300 points if you explain why)
The sequence found in eukaryotes that enhances the initiation of translation
What is a kozak/consensus sequence?
The enzyme that repolarizes histones to bind DNA.
What is Histone Deacetylase?
alternative splicing allows for the creation of multiple proteins from 1 gene called _____
What are isoforms?
Post-transcriptional modification done to the 5' end of the mRNA that stabilizes mRNA.
What is 5' capping?
The kind of bond that binds adenine and thymine together.
What is a hydrogen bond?
enzymatic removal of portions of polypeptide in post-translational modifications.
What is trimming?
the enzyme that has a proofreading/3' to 5' exonuclease activity in DNA replication
What is DNA Polymerase 3?
methylation at the promoter site
The sizes for eukaryotic rRNA (spenberg unit, there's 3)
28S, 18S, 5.8S.
minimum number of nucleotides for RNA primer
During initation the tRNA will first attach to this site of the ribosome
The enzyme that adds a methyl group to histone proteins, either activating or repressive for transcription
What is histone methyltransferase? (HMT)
trans-acting elements, also known as _______, can either promote or inhibit gene expression.
What are transcription factors?