Polarity
Electrons are shared between atoms within a molecule
Adenine
What are the three phases of transcription? During which phase is RNA polymerase necessary?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
During Elongation
Why does sucrose dissolve in water, but octane does not?
Sucrose is a polar molecule, like water is, while octane is a nonpolar molecule. Since sucrose and water are both polar, sucrose will dissolve in water. On the other hand, octane and water are NOT similar in polarity.
What type of bonds are formed between a sugar and a phosphate within a DNA strand?
Transcription produces a ___ strand from a ___ template strand.
RNA; DNA
Are the bonds shared between water molecules polar or non polar? How can you tell?
Polar covalent bonds exist between water molecules, because of the partial charges that hydrogen and oxygen atoms have.
What are two differences between DNA and RNA? What would happen if the OH in RNA was replaced with an H?
DNA is missing an oxygen on the 2' end of the sugar
DNA is more stable
The nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA are different
The sugars in DNA and RNA are different
If OH in RNA was replaced with an H, transcription would not occur
How does Alternate Splicing produce different proteins from the same template strand?
Some exons are spliced while some are kept in (depending on the function of the protein)
All introns are spliced out
Where are electrons located in non polar molecules?
In and around the nucleus since electrons are shared between atoms within non polar molecules
Which of the following statements is true concerning DNA replication and transcription?
Both biological processes use one DNA strand as a template
True or false: Transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells and occur simultaneously
True
Why do some polar molecules not dissolve in water?
The attraction of water molecules for the polar solute isn't strong enough to pull the molecules apart. As a result, some polar solutes don't dissolve in water.
What would happen if there were a mutation affecting the sequence of nucleotides within DNA?
The change often causes the wrong amino acid to be produced (ultimately meaning that there are errors in translation)
Why is the Poly A tail added at the end of transcription?
The Poly A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation and allows the mature mRNA molecule to be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein