Welding Codes 101
This organization publishes the D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel.
(AWS) American welding society.
The 3 main goals of welding codes are to ensure what?
Safety, quality, and reliability
This document provides written instructions on how to make a sound weld.
- Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
These two types of testing are used to ensure weld quality — one destroys the part, the other does not.
destructive testing (DT) and non-destructive testing (NDT).
This gas-related discontinuity creates small holes or voids in the weld metal.
Porosity.
These 4 letters stand for the organization responsible for boiler and pressure vessel codes.
(ASME) American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Many welding codes were developed in response to these unfortunate events.
catastrophic failures! Death! Accidents!
This record verifies that the welding procedure produces acceptable welds
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
This term describes an imperfection that does not make a weld unacceptable.
Discontinuity.
This occurs when slag or other material becomes trapped inside a weld.
inclusion.
This code is used for pipelines and related facilities in the petroleum industry.
(API) American Petroleum Institute
Codes eliminate this kind of uncertainty during fabrication and inspection.
- ensure the final product is both safe and reliable.
- eliminate guess work.
- make it repeatable by anyone qualified to do it.
This qualification proves that a welder has the skills to follow a WPS correctly.
- Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)
- qualifications / certifications
This term is used for a discontinuity that renders a weld unfit for service.
Defect.
This term describes a weld that hasn’t fused completely to the base metal.
lack of fusion
This section of ASME covers welding and brazing qualifications.
ASME Section IX (9)
By adhering to proper procedures and inspections, welding codes promote this kind of work environment.
- a safe and reliable work environment.
- codes ensure that all welding processes meet specific safety and quality standards.
A welder’s certification remains valid as long as they weld with the process at least once every this many months.
6 months.
This type of inspection uses X-rays, ultrasonic sound, or magnetic particles to detect internal flaws.
(NDT) Non destructive testing.
This discontinuity is a groove melted into the base metal next to the weld and not filled with metal.
- under cut.
- under fill
This section of a welding code outlines the specific tests, variables, and documentation required to prove that both a welding procedure and a welder can produce acceptable welds for a given application.
What is the qualification section of the welding code.
This part of a welding code ensures that the materials, design, and procedures used in fabrication can withstand expected service conditions, preventing structural collapse and protecting human life.
What are safety and design requirements
The process of qualifying a WPS includes recording voltage, amperage, and other variables on this document.
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
The extent of required inspection depends primarily on the intended _______ of the product.
Use
This type of crack-like defect forms in rolled steel plates due to high stress through the thickness of the plate.
lamellar tearing