Unit 0
The Persians were most famous for their administrative policies, including the use of a large-scale _________ government
centralized
This was the name for Roman provincial rulers that carried out the policies of the Roman Republic and Empire.
governor
This term is used to describe one’s efforts in the current life impacting their hierarchal placement in the next life.
karma
This is the foundational document that codifies that main teachings of the religion of Second-Temple Judaism.
Tanakh
This is the terms ascribed to followers/adherents of Islam
Term used to describe an appointed Persian provincial official that governed according to policies set by the emperor
satrap
This was the name for the set of oral Vedic religions brought by Indo-Aryan invaders around 1500 BCE that dominated the Indian subcontinent; its beliefs were codified by the Vedas by 700 BCE.
Hinduism
This was a Chinese philosophy that emphasized the existence of a strong state built on moral law, strict secular laws and punishments, as well as administrative positions based on individual merit.
Legalism
This was the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire until its capture by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Constantinople
This was the primary Arabic city which hosted the pagan tradition of pilgrimage that was captured by adherents of Islam in 629 CE
Mecca
The Greeks of which city-state were most famous for their successful implementation of a democratic state.
Athens
This is the name for the rigid social hierarchy practiced by adherents of the religion detailed above (as well as the region of South Asia itself).
caste system
This was the Chinese philosophy that laid out three fundamental levels to maintain social harmony that transitioned first from the individual, to the family, and finally to the state
Confucianism
This is the famous Roman emperor who created the capital detailed above and moved his administration there to be closer to their eastern Persian rivals, and legalized Christianity in the roman empire in 313 CE.
Constantine I
This is the name for the foundational practices of Islam which include acknowledgement of the one God & final prophet, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, prayer five times per day, and pilgrimage to the Kaaba
Five Pillars of Islam
This was the ruler who began the process of unifying the independent Greek city-states into an empire.
Philip of Macedon
This is the concept which dominates major South and Southeast Asian religions that believes human souls exist in a cycle of death and rebirth, with the ultimate goal being the transcendence of said cycle and its suffering.
reincarnation
This was the foundational religion of Persian origin that established several theological precedents such as the concept of Good vs. Evil, free will, a future messiah, etc.
Zoroastrianism
This is the name of the Persian Empire that functioned as the archrival to the Romans from the 3rd to 7th centuries CE.
Sassanid Empire
This was the term used to describe the status of second-class citizenship for the ‘protected’ peoples of Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity within Muslim states
Dhimmi
This was the son of the ruler detailed above who setout on an undefeated expedition that conquered the entire Persian Achaemenid Empire, as well as many polities in Central Asia and the areas of the West Indus Valley and Hindu Kush.
Alexander the Great
This term is used to describe the fulfillment of one’s life [caste] duty.
dharma
This was the Hebrew faith that borrowed from many of the key beliefs from the religion detailed in Zoroastrianism
Second Temple Judaism
This is the name of the text cataloged by Muhammad which contains the foundational doctrines of Islam.
This was the tax that applied to non-Muslims in Muslim states.
Jizya