When brains go bad
A lesion to this region of the cerebellum could result in a wide-based, drunken sailor gait, nystagmus, dysarthria. (Hint: degeneration associated with chronic alcohol use)
What is the vermis?
The first-line treatment for convulsive status epilepticus to rapidly terminate seizure activity has this mechanism of action.
What is increased frequency of chloride channel opening by enhancing GABA effects on post-synaptic GABAA receptors?
This structure is located anterior to the intermedullary lamina and projects to the cingulate gyrus.
BQ1: Where does it receive input from?
What is the anterior mass/nucleus of the thalamus?
What is ApoE2?
This brain region is responsible for working term memory, sustaining attention, and planning. (include both region general name and BA region #(s))
What is the dorsal frontal area/BA 9, 46?
A lesion to this region of the cerebellum, supplied by the AICA, often results in vertigo and disruption of smooth eye movements.
What is the floculonodular lobe?
This narrow-spectrum sodium channel blocker commonly causes hyponatremia and may be associated with decreased bone mineral density.
Bon(e)us question (100): What seizure type is this drug used to treat?
BQ (200): What birth defects are associated with fetal exposure to this drug?
What is carbamazepine?
Bonus Q: Focal seizures
BQ 2: neural tube defects (+ other malformations)
Neurofibrillary tangles are comprised of this protein.
BQ1 (50 pts): intracellular or extracellular?
What are hyperphosphorylated tau proteins?
A mutation in this gene results in progressive motor dysfunction and dilated blood vessels.
BQ1 (100): What is the function of this gene?
What is ATM (associated w ataxia-telangiectasia)?
These two structures, implicated in addiction behavior, receive inputs from the hippocampus and dopaminergic projections from the VTA.
What are the nucleus accumbens and septal nuclei?
Degeneration of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus has been hypothesized to lead to this disease.
Bonus (200): What signaling molecule(s) do these neurons secrete?
What is narcolepsy (specifically narcolepsy 1)?
Degradation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
This anti-seizure medication decreases neurotransmitter release by binding to SV2A glycoproteins.
Bonus question (100): The aforementioned drug is effective against this/these seizure types.
Bonus question (200): The aforementioned drug is associated with this most prominent adverse effect.
Bonus question (300): The aforementioned drug is eliminated via this system.
What is levetiracetam?
BQ 1: What are focal, generalized tonic-clonic, status epilepticus?
BQ 2: What are behavioral issues?
BQ 3: What is renal elimination?
A patient with 3-Hz spike and waves should be prescribed this medication.
Bonus Q (300): What is this drug's mechanism of action?
What is ethosuximide?
Block T-type thalamic Ca2+ receptors
You might be hesitant to prescribe this anti-seizure medication in conjunction with a drug that inhibits hepatic glucuronidation.
BQ1 (100): This is the mechanism(s) of action of the aforementioned drug.
BQ2 (200): These two adverse effects are most commonly seen with the aforementioned drug.
What is lamotrigine? (valproic acid also acceptable answer (?) )
BQ1: What is Na+ channel blocker + weak blocker of multiple Ca2+ channels?
This sleep phase is associated with reduced ventilatory response, poikilothermic temperature, and increased brain oxygen consumption.
What is REM sleep?
This is the common target of drugs used to treat absence seizures.
BQ1 (200): These two drugs are used to treat absence seizures.
What are thalamic Ca2+ channels?