Category 1: Human Body 101
Q: What structure connects muscles to bones?
A: Tendons.
Q: What organ can regenerate significant portions of itself?
A: The liver.
Q: What infection is the most common cause of the “common cold”?
A: Rhinovirus.
Q: Many people tilt their head back during a nosebleed. What’s actually the correct way to manage it?
A: Lean forward and pinch the soft part of the nose.
Q: A patient has a red, itchy rash after touching poison ivy. This is what kind of reaction?
A: Allergic/contact dermatitis.
Q: What ion is required for muscle contraction?
A: Calcium.
Q: What’s the only part of the body that lacks blood vessels?
A: The cornea.
Q: What condition is characterized by chronic high blood pressure?
A: Hypertension.
Q: People often say cold weather alone makes you sick. What truly causes colds and flu?
A: Viruses.
Q: Sudden chest pain that worsens with deep breath + long plane flight suggests what?
A: Pulmonary embolism.
Q: Where in the cell does aerobic ATP production mainly occur?
A: Mitochondria.
Q: Which sense sends signals directly to the brain without passing through the thalamus?
A: Smell (olfaction).
Q: What disease causes the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas?
A: Type 1 diabetes.
Q: A lot of people believe antibiotics can treat “any” infection. What type of infection do antibiotics not work against?
A: Viral infections.
Q: A patient presents with tremor, slow movement, and a shuffling gait. What disease?
A: Parkinson’s disease.
Q: What part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?
A: The glomerulus.
Q: What molecule gives muscles their red color and stores oxygen?
A: Myoglobin.
Q: What lung disease is strongly linked to long-term smoking and causes air trapping?
A: COPD (especially emphysema).
Q: It’s commonly said sugar makes kids hyper. What do controlled studies actually show?
A: Sugar does not cause hyperactivity.
Q: Severe back pain, fever, and painful urination point toward what diagnosis?
A: Kidney infection (pyelonephritis).
Q: What nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain?
A: The optic nerve.
Q: What ion is primarily responsible for generating the resting membrane potential in neurons?
A: Potassium.
Q: What condition involves the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath of neurons?
A: Multiple sclerosis.
Q: Many people assume “detox cleanses” or “flushes” remove toxins from the body. In reality, what two organs already perform nearly all detoxification?
A: The liver and kidneys.
Q: A patient has increased thirst, blurred vision, and fruity-smelling breath. What’s a key concern?
A: Diabetic ketoacidosis.