Stroke
List two types of strokes. Which is more common?
Ischemic & hemorrhagic. Ischemic is approx 87% of all strokes.
List 2 SIRS criteria.
Temperature (high or low), Heart Rate >90, Respiratory Rate >20, WBC >12,000 or <4,000, Bands>10%
If the R is far from P, then you have a _______
1st degree
What are the "six rights" of medication administration?
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, and right documentation/reason.
Name 2 nursing interventions that may be used for a patient with CKD
monitor I & O, fluid/dietary restrictions, education, vitals/labs/electrolyte monitoring
Why is a CT scan done in a suspected stroke?
A CT will show a hemorrhagic stroke (brain bleed).
An early ischemic stroke, may or may not show on a CT.
Sepsis is SIRs and ______?
A suspected or confirmed infection
If some Ps don't get through, then you have a ____
Mobitz II
What blood pressure medication is associated with a persistent dry cough?
ACE inhibitors?
Name 3 nursing interventions that may be used caring for a patient with skin breakdown
Q2 hour turns, float heals, frequent repositioning, air bed, pillows to support joints, keep skin clean/dry, education, dietary support, control blood sugars.
What does the BE FAST acronym stand for?
Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, and Time/Terrible headache
Treatment for sepsis initially includes ______ & _______.
Fluids & broad-spectrum antibiotics.
If Ps & Qs don't agree, then you have a ______
Third degree
What is the difference between buccal and sublingual medications?
Buccal- between the gum and the inner cheek Sublingual- under the tongue
Name 3 nursing interventions that may be used caring for a patient with stroke
frequent neurological assessments, DVT- prophylaxis, preventing skin breakdown, assisting with mobility or ADL needs (swallowing difficulties), supporting communication, aspiration precautions, education
1) List 3 non-modifiable risk factors for stroke.
2) List 3 modifiable risk factors for stroke.
1) age, race, gender, family history, and genetics
2) high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking
__________ is characterized by dangerously low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, confusion/disorientation, SOB, little/no urine output, discolored skin.
Septic Shock
Longer, longer, longer, drop, now you have a ________
Wenckenback (Mobitz I)
What are Buprenorphine & Suboxone used for?
Opioid use disorder
Name 4 nursing interventions that may be used for a patient with pneumonia
assessing lung sounds & vitals, pursed lip breathing, deep breath & cough exercises, incentive spirometry, administer medications & oxygen as ordered, suctioning, education, positioning
What is permissive HTN and why may it be utilized after an ischemic stroke?
A temporary holding or lowering of blood pressure medication to allow HTN. The goal is to ensure adequate blood flow to the brain, especially to areas that might not be receiving enough blood due to the blockage.
An increase in WBC bands (immature neutrophils) called _______ is a key indicator of sepsis because it signals that the body is rapidly producing white blood cells to fight an infection.
Bandemia, a shift to the left, left shift
What is the standard treatment for 3rd degree heart block.
Pacemaker
What are high alert medications? Provide 3 examples.
High-alert medications are drugs that carry a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used incorrectly. Potassium, Insulin, Narcotics/Opioids, Chemotherapy agents, and Heparin (and other anticoagulants)
Name 5 interventions that may be used for a patient at risk of falls
Non-slip footwear, bed/chair wheels locked, bed in lowest position, bed/chair alarm, clear trash & hazards from room, hourly rounding, ensure call light & belongings with reach, adequate lighting, use assistive devices (walker, gait belt, grab bar), education