Name That Method!
Does not involve human participants, only existing content
What is a content analysis?
A focus group con, this is when participants may say things they don't mean to fit in with other participants in the group, leading to inaccurate data collection
What is groupthink?
These categorical variables are manipulated by the researcher but are not influenced by other variables in an experiment
What are independent variables?
"Were the characters and setting realistic?" is an example of this type of question
What is double-barreled?
Without having a list of every member of the population being studied, there is no way to do this type of sampling in any method
What is simple random sampling?
Uses a questionnaire that can be distributed online, in persion, via mail or over the phone
What is a survey?
Because this type of survey is only conducted once, it can't show any patterns over time
What is a cross-sectional survey?
Also known as outcome variables, these are the things measured to see if there was any effect from the researcher manipulation in an experiment
What are dependent variables?
"In the video you just watched, who was painting the house?" is an example of this type of question in an experiment's post-exposure questionnaire, to ensure that you can trust the answers a participant gives about the stimulus
What is an attention check?
In a content analysis, the step where you weed out any potential units that do not belong in your sample. For example, if doing a Twitter/X scrape for tweets about trans people using the keyword "trans" you would remove tweets that were captured containing that string but referring to something else, such as transnational corporations or transitional lenses for glasses
What is unitizing?
The only method that relies on multiple participants engaging in discussion
What is a focus group?
A pro of this method is that discussion among participants can trigger new thoughts & memories, leading to richer data
What is a focus group?
In "This is a 3 x 2 factorial design," the 3 and 2 refer to these
What are the factors or independent variables? The first factor has 3 levels (or categories) and the second factor has 2.
Answer choices that are plausible on the surface, but easily recognized as incorrect if you were paying attention to the stimulus in an experiment
What are distractors?
The number of treament groups in an experiment with a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design
What is 12?
Manipulate a variable and compare the results between two or more groups
What is an experiment?
A pro of this type of survey or experiment is that because it is repeated at multiple time points, you can observe patterns over time rather than only once
What is longitudinal?
Ordinal, interval, and ratio variables of attitude are frequently measured with this type of question that most often contains 5 or 7 answer choices
What is a likert-style question or scale?
(Technically, only ordinal variables can truly be measured this way, but psychometric theory suggests that if there are 5 or more points to choose from then it can be assumed the distances will be equal between points if labeled accordingly)
Questions you ask to ensure that your experimental stimulus only changed the thing you meant to adjust without affecting other aspects, such as, "How would you rate the tone of this video?" if you only manipulated the gender of an actor without changing dialogue or behaviors
What are manipulation checks?
A hypothesis for this research method will propose a relationship between two or more internal elements, or internal elements in relation to how the elements exist in the world
What is content analysis?
What it's called when you combine qualitative and quantitative methods into one study
What is a mixed methods study?
A pro of this method is that because you are only studying existing published content, there is no requirement for consent or IRB approval
What is content analysis?
The levels in this statement: "This is a 3 (horror/documentary/romcom) x 2 (English/subtitled) factorial design"
What are three and two -- the three genres and the two language options?
In contrast to an open-ended exploratory research question, this is a statement of relationship between two variables that may be supported or refuted through research.
What is a hypothesis?
The combination of manipulation and temporal order make this method the only one that can establish a causal relationship between variables
What is an experiment?