Ways to tenderize meat
Soak the tough meat in liquids which contain some sort of food acid. The acid helps soften the meat fibers and connective tissue. It also adds flavor.
What is marinating?
This holds the fibers in the muscle tissue together.
What is connective tissue?
The two types of connective tissue.
What are collagen and elastin?
This type of meat is treated with salt, sugar, spices and certain chemicals-often wood smoke.
What are cured meats?
Two examples of byproducts from cow hide and hair.
What are: leather goods-shoes, clothing, luggage, wallets, automobile upholstery, drum heads, violin strings.
Putting tough pieces of meat through a meat grinder to break it down.
What is grinding meat?
This provides cartilage, structure, and gelatin. The shape indicates if meat is tender or less tender.
What is bone?
The three grades of meat.
What are Prime, Choice and Select?
This meat comes from immature cattle between the ages of 3 weeks to 3 months.
What is veal?
Two examples of byproducts from a cows bones and horns.
What are: bone china, gelatin for marshmallows, photographic film, stearin for chewing gum, candies, glue for plywood and matches
Hitting the tough meat tissues with a heavy object such as a meat mallet to soften the cells.
What is pounding?
This is the lean part of meat, it is made of long, thin fibers that taper at the ends which makes up the grain of meat.
What is muscle tissue?
The methods of cooking meat can be divided in two groups.
What are : dry heat and moist heat?
Meat of sheep over one year old.
What is mutton?
Two examples of byproducts from cow fats.
What are:ingredients to make soap, livestock feed, nitrogen fertilizers
This process involves running tough meat through a machine that pokes holes through the meat.
What is cubing?
The two types of fatty tissue.
What are visible and invisible fat?
The 4 principles of cooking meat.
What are:
1. improve flavor
2. change it’s color
3. make it more tender
4. destroy harmful organisms
This meat is from cattle from the ages of 3 months to one year.
What is baby beef?
Meat that do not meet the guidelines to be sold as prime, choice, or select are ground up and made into this.
What are processed meats?
Cutting the meat on one side almost to the center in a cube like manner, then turn it over and cut the other side.
What is scoring?
This makes meat tissue more tender, increases flavor, and helps retain moisture in the meat as it cooks.
What is marbling?
The tenderness of meat depends on these 4 things.
What are:
1. location of meat on animal.
2. parts that receive very little exercise are more tender.
3. Less tender meats are found in the muscles of the leg and shoulder area because they receive a lot of exercise.
4. The age of the animal determines if the meat is tender or less tender.
The internal organs of animals.
What are variety meats?
Two examples of byproducts from cow's glands and internal organs.
What are to make medicines such as hormones, insulin, ACTH cortisone, chemicals for tires to run cooler, binders for road asphalt