Newtons Law
What is Newton's First Law also known as?
The Law of Inertia
Name two types of simple machines.
Lever, pulley
What is the purpose of gears in a mechanical system?
To change torque and speed
What is the formula for work?
Work = Force × Distance × cos
What is the formula for torque?
Torque = Force × Distance from pivot
What does Newton's Second Law state about the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?
Force equals mass times acceleration
What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley system with 4 ropes supporting the load?
4
A system has a driving gear with 10 teeth and a driven gear with 20 teeth. What is the gear ratio?
1:2
A force of 50 N moves an object 5 m. How much work is done?
250 J
A wrench applies a force of 50 N at a distance of 0.3 m from the pivot point. What is the torque?
15 Nm
A car with a mass of 1,000 kg accelerates at 3 m/s². What force is required?
3,000 N
What kind of simple machine is a screw?
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
True or False: A larger gear driving a smaller gear increases torque.
False
Define power in mechanical terms.
Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
Define stress in a material.
Stress is the internal force per unit area acting within a material.
How does Newton's Third Law explain the motion of a rocket?
The rocket pushes exhaust gases backward, and the gases push the rocket forward with equal and opposite force.
A wheel and axle system has a wheel radius of 30 cm and an axle radius of 10 cm. What is the mechanical advantage?
3
What is the gear ratio if the input gear rotates 5 times for every rotation of the output gear?
5:1
A 100-Watt machine does work for 10 seconds. How much energy is used?
1,000 J
If a force of 500 N is applied over an area of 2 m², what is the stress?
250 Pa
Describe an example where all three of Newton’s Laws apply simultaneously.
A ball being thrown experiences inertia (First Law), accelerates based on force applied (Second Law), and exerts force back on the hand (Third Law).
If an inclined plane is 15 m long and 3 m high, what is its ideal mechanical advantage?
5
How do gear ratios relate to mechanical advantage?
The gear ratio indicates the mechanical advantage in transferring torque or speed.
If a crane lifts a 500-kg object to a height of 20 m in 10 seconds, what is the power output?
9,800 Watts
Explain the difference between tensile stress and shear stress.
Tensile stress stretches a material, while shear stress results from forces causing layers to slide past each other.