Strength
What property describes a material’s ability to withstand an applied load without failing?
Strength
What property allows a material to return to its original shape after a load is removed?
Elasticity
Which property measures resistance to scratching or indentation?
Hardness
What property allows a material to be drawn into a wire?
Ductility
What property describes resistance to sudden loading or shock?
Impact strength
Which type of strength describes resistance to pulling forces?
Tensile strength
What is the name for permanent deformation after a material is loaded beyond its elastic limit?
Plastic deformation
Which property describes the ability to absorb energy before fracturing?
Toughness
What property allows a material to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets?
Malleability
What is the slow, time-dependent deformation of a material under sustained stress called?
Creep
A steel beam supports a heavy roof without breaking. Which property is essential?
Strength
A spring stretches and returns to its original length. Which property does it demonstrate?
Elasticity
Why are cutting tools often made from very hard materials?
To resist wear, scratching and indentation while cutting other materials.
Which property is especially important when manufacturing copper electrical wires?
Ductility
What is the gradual development of damage caused by repeated or fluctuating loading called?
Fatigue
What is the difference between yield strength and ultimate tensile strength?
Yield strength is the stress at which permanent deformation begins; ultimate tensile strength is the maximum engineering stress reached.
A metal sheet is bent and remains bent after the force is removed. Which property is demonstrated?
Plasticity
A material absorbs considerable energy before breaking. Which property does this indicate?
Toughness
Aluminium is rolled into thin foil without cracking. Which property is demonstrated?
Malleability
What property describes resistance to elastic deformation under a given load?
Stiffness
Two materials have the same dimensions. One withstands a greater stress before failure. Which has greater strength?
The material that withstands the greater stress.
Can a material exhibit both elastic and plastic deformation during one loading process? Explain briefly.
Yes. It deforms elastically first, then plastically after exceeding its yield point.
Why does high hardness not automatically mean high toughness?
Hardness measures resistance to localized deformation, while toughness measures energy absorbed before fracture.
Explain the difference between ductility and malleability in terms of deformation.
Ductility is the ability to deform plastically in tension; malleability is the ability to deform plastically under compression, such as rolling or hammering.
What property describes the attraction holding particles of the same substance together?
Cohesion