Natural Selection
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
What is natural selection?
Genetic drift has the greatest impact on populations of this size.
What are small populations?
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a real-life example of this mechanism of evolution, where advantageous traits increase in frequency over time.
What is natural selection?
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to predict and study genetic variation in a population under this condition.
What is genetic equilibrium?
This equation, p+q=1represents the relationship between the frequencies of this in a population.
What are the allele frequencies of a gene pool?
This is the process by which a trait becomes common in a population because it increases the organisms' chances of survival and reproduction.
What is adaptation?
This type of genetic drift occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation.
What is the founder effect?
A small population of island birds evolves differently after a hurricane isolates them from the mainland, illustrating this mechanism of evolution.
What is genetic drift?
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, this variable represents the frequency of the dominant allele in a population.
What is p?
The genotype frequency equation for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
What is p2 + 2pq + q2
This type of selection occurs when individuals with an average form of a trait have a higher fitness than those with extreme forms. Human Birth Weight is an example of this
What is stabilizing selection?
Genetic drift is often observed after this event, where a significant portion of a population is suddenly reduced, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.
What is a population bottleneck?
When wolves from one pack migrate and breed with wolves from another pack, introducing new alleles, this mechanism of evolution occurs.
What is gene flow?
This variable in the Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the frequency of the recessive allele in a population.
What is q?
If the frequency of the recessive allele q is 0.4, what is the frequency of the dominant allele p
What is 0.6
During the Industrial Revolution, darker-coloured peppered moths became more common than lighter-coloured moths, illustrating this type of selection.
What is directional selection?
Over time, genetic drift can cause this, where an allele becomes the only one present in a population, while others are lost. This happened in the ladybug simulation
What is allele fixation?
In elephant seals, males with larger sizes and louder vocalizations are more likely to attract mates, demonstrating this mechanism of evolution.
What is sexual selection?
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, this represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population.
What is p2?
If the frequency of the recessive allele q is 0.4, what is the frequency of the recessive genotype q2
What is 0.16
In some bird populations, individuals with either very large or very small beaks have higher fitness than those with medium-sized beaks, an example of this type of natural selection.
What is disruptive selection?
The koala population experienced reduced genetic diversity after wildfires devastated their habitat. This is an example of this type of effect.
What is the bottleneck effect?
The sickle cell allele arose from this mechanism of evolution and persists in populations because it offers a survival advantage against malaria in heterozygous individuals.
What are DNA mutations?
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, this represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population.
What is 2pq?
If the frequency of the recessive allele q is 0.4 and the dominant allele frequency p is 0.6, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype 2pq
What is 0.48