Renal & Urologic Systems
The system between the lungs, kidneys, liver, and adrenal glands that works to increase blood pressure.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Inflammation of the testes. Symptoms include testicular pain and swelling.
What is orchitis?
There is a "skinny" and a "fat" version of this disorder.
What is lupus?
Symptoms include heartburn, reflux, belching, dysphagia, & painful swallowing that occur 30-60 minutes after a meal. Complications associated with this disease include esophagitis, strictures, and adenocarcinoma.
What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
The neural tube should be fully closed by this day.
What is day 27?
The most common infection involving the bladder and urethra. Class symptoms include nocturia, dysuria, and cloudy, bloody, or foul-smelling urine.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
An estrogen-dependent disorder that is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Associated with the "triad" dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility.
What is endometriosis?
90% of the cases are in women aged 20-55. Risk factors include prolonged stress, anxiety, trauma, rapid steroid withdrawal, hypothyroidism, and infections. Widespread four quadrant pain above & below the waist present for at >3 months. Subjective report of pain when pressure is applied to 11/18 common tender points on the body.
What is fibromyalgia?
Starts as a polyp and can take 10-15 years to become cancerous. Signs/symptoms include occult blood loss, melena, abdominal pain, weight loss, change in bowel habits, and bright red blood loss. The 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Has a 64% 5-year survival rate, which increases to 90% with early detection.
What is colorectal cancer?
A common hip disorder affecting infants and children. The Ortolani or Barlow sign can be used as a diagnostic tool in the first month of a childs life, and the Galeazzi sign can be used for older infants.
The leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Risk factors include HTN, multiple pregnancies, and male gender. Treatments include BP management and pain management.
An age-related nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland in 75% of men over the age of 50. TURP is the gold standard surgical treatment.
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
An autoimmune disorder that is more common in women of childbearing age. This disorder is 3x more likely in African American women than white women. Commonly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus.
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
A condition when the esophagus muscles do not contract and the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax to allow food to pass into the stomach.
What is achalasia?
An incomplete fusion of the posterior vertebral arch causes an increase in pressure in the brain from a buildup of CSF.
What is spina bifida?
An infectious process involving the kidneys that typically results from bacteria ascending the bladder to infect the kidneys.
What is pyelonephritis?
What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
Medical management includes pharmaceuticals such as antidepressants, muscle relaxants, analgesics, and anticonvulsants. Monoclonal antibodies are being researched as a possible treatment.
What is fibromyaglia?
What is gastric adenocarcinoma?
The 2nd most common fatal autosomal recessive disorder. Results in the loss of alpha motor neurons in spinal cord, progressive weakness, and skeletal muscle wasting. Type 0 is the most severe and Type IV is the least severe.
What is spinal muscle atrophy?
The most common malignant kidney neoplasm in children. Presents as a palpable abdominal mass. Treated with surgery, whole-abdomen radiotherapy, and three-drug chemotherapy.
What is a Wilms tumor?
Prolapse bladder and urethra causes bulging of the anterior vaginal wall.
What is cystocele?
When the body fails to distinguish self from non-self. Classified as single organ or systemic. Thought to result from genetics, hormones (women more than men), and/or environmental influences.
What is an autoimmune disorder?
Symptoms include dysphagia with or without pain, weight loss, and pain. Linked to H. pylori squamous cell adenocarcinoma. One of the lowest cure rates with a 10% 5-year survival rate. The median survival rate is <10 months.
What is esophageal cancer?
Congenital heart defects associated with Down Syndrome including: ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and R ventricular hypertrophy.
What is the tetralogy of fallot?