Immuno
Structure of a T cell receptor (TCR)
What is 1 alpha + 1 beta chain?
Developed from dysplasia or abnormal growth and looks like cancer under microscope but does not invade other structures and has not grown beyond capsules... yet.
What is carcinoma in situ?
High potential for abuse, currently accepted for medical use (ex: oxycodone)
What is Schedule C-II drug?
Rather than cholesterol, fungal cell wall membranes contain this structure.
What is ergosterol?
Natural and gradual change to the immune system as people age
What is immunosense?
Substance able to provoke an adaptive immune response if injected on its own
What is an immunogen?
Creation of new blood vessels. In cancer cells, this goes unregulated.
What is angiogenesis?
ideal form for excretion
What is water-soluble?
Cause GI bleeding and peptic ulcer disease in elderly Pts.
What is pain medications?
metabolites reabsorbed from GI tract
What is enterohepatic recirculation?
Baby relies on these from mom, as it cannot produces its own before birth. Reach full productivity at 1 year of age
What is IgG and IgA?
Second leading cause of lung cancer behind cigarette smoking.
What is radon?
(Hint: phase 2 and this reaction do NOT decline with age)
Avoid using for behavioral problems associated with dementia.
Inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9/2C10
What is phenobarbital?
Secreted protein of cytokine family whose generic function is to encourage cell migration to site of infection
What is a chemokine (IL-8)?
n in cN2
What is number of lymph nodes?
Elimination of most drugs follows this order of kinetics, in which a constant fraction or % (NOT amount) of drug is removed from body over finite period of time.
What is first order kinetics?
non-lactose fermenting, oxidase positive bacteria
What is pseudomonas?
Similar to benzodiazepines, these medications increase elderly Pts' risks of falls, fractures, and delirium.
What is sedative-hypnotics?
Immune response that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ICU stay, shock, and even death. Hint: this is a Type IV sensitivity
What is cytokine storm?
Mutation of proto-oncogenes (genes that encode growth factor receptors on cells) found in cancer cells that leads to over-expression.
What is oncogenes?
Cytochromatic enzyme missing at birth.
What is CYP1A2?
Drug X is a prodrug. Grapefruit juice is an inducer (of CYP6969) that is taken with Drug X. PK response of body.
What is active drug?
(grapefruit juice induced CYP enzyme synthesis and now there is actually even more enzyme present to metabolize prodrug into its active form)
Sensitization via soluble antigens that elicit Tfh and B cell activation.
What is hypersensitivity III?