Muscles
Nerves, Arteries, Veins
Clinical Applications
QoD
Miscellaneous
100
Identify this muscle.
What is the rectus femoris?
100
These are the spinal cord levels within the sciatic nerve.
What are L4-S3?
100
24 yo female yoga instructor was taking her class into cobra pose when she felt a sharp and sudden pain in her RLQ. Pt was taken to the hospital where imaging revealed a large abscess within the muscle that is innervated by anterior rami of L1, L2, and L3. Name the muscle that contains this abscess.
What is the psoas m.?
100
A patient presents with marked weakness in hip flexion and a complete inability to extend the knee. Name the nerve that is involved in this lesion and the muscles it innervates.
What is the femoral n.? It innervates the entire quadriceps femoris mm. group, sartorius m., pectineus m., and iliacus m.
100
This dermatome supplies the skin over the knee.
What is L3?
200
This nerve innervates the hamstring compartment of the adductor magnus m.
What is the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4)?
200
Identify this superficial vein.
What is the great saphenous vein?
200
A 46 yo male and his son are on a hunting trip when all of a sudden, the father is impaled by the arrow of another hunter on the posterior aspect of his thigh. After being rushed to the ER, the medical team concludes there are no significant nerve or vascular lesions, and instead the arrow pierced the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa. Name the exact location of this Pt's injury.
What is the biceps femoris m.?
200
A person is suffering from a superior gluteal nerve lesion on their right side. Describe the motor and sensory effects of this lesion.
What is...
Motor: They will present with Trendelenburg sign where the contralateral hip/left hip (relative to the lesion) will drop when Pt is asked to stand on their right leg. Additionally, they will present with Trendelenburg gait, where in order to compensate for the hip drop, the trunk will lean to the ipsilateral side/right side relative to the lesion to balance the Pt center of mass
Sensory: none. The superior gluteal nerve has no sensory functions.
200
The anterior portion of the thigh is mostly innervated by cutaneous branches of this nerve.
What is the femoral n.?
300
This is the insertion of the biceps femoris tendon.
What is the lateral side of head of fibula?
300
Identify this nerve and its spinal roots.
What is the obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)?
300
26 yo male NFL player was running the ball when he was tackled by another player. The shoulder of the defensive player made direct contact with the runner's knee causing a posterior dislocation of the knee. Medical staff and faculty were quick to rush the injured player off the field as the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa is at great risk of injury. Name this structure.
What is the popliteal a.?
300
These are the "5 P's" of assessing vascular injury.
What are pain, paresthesia, paresis, poikilothermia, and pallor?
300
Name this ligament
What is the ischiofemoral ligament?
400
Name the three muscles that contribute to medial rotation of the hip joint and their innervation.
What are gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae? They are innervated by the superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1).
400
Identify the artery highlighted in blue.
What is the inferior medial genicular artery?
400
28 yo dancer reports to her family medicine physician with complaints of "pain shooting down the back of her left leg" during her practices and routines. Further evaluation leads to imaging of the dancer's gluteal region. This imaging reveals entrapment of the sciatic nerve within the piriformis m. on the Pt left leg. Name the movements that would accelerate her piriformis syndrome symptoms.
What are lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh?
400
The medial circumflex femoral a. is the main supply of blood to the femoral head. Name the type of femoral head fracture that is at greatest risk for avascular necrosis.
What is a subcapital fracture?
400
Name each of the three boundaries of the femoral triangle and its contents (from lateral to medial).
What are:
lateral boundary - sartorius
medial boundary - adductor longus
superior boundary - ilioinguinal ligament
contents - femoral n., femoral a., femoral v., lymphatics
500
This muscle serves as the landmark for identifying nerve pathways in the deep hip region.
What is the piriformis m.?
500
This nerve diverges at the apex of the popliteal fossa into two branches (name the branches as well).
What is the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve?
500
A 66 yo F with PMHx of POTS, osteoporosis, and T2DM presents to the emergency room after slipping in her shower and falling. The Pt cannot remember how she fell or where she landed as she was found by her home-health nurse and taken straight to the hospital. Vital signs: Pulse - 65bpm, RR - 14, BP - 118/76 mmHg, Temp - 98.5ºF, PulseOx - 98% on room air. Due to her lack of recollection of the injury, the patient is taken for an xray. This is the resulting image. 
Name the muscles that would be affected from this injury.
*Bonus: use the Pt's history to derive a differential for her injury.
What are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris long head injury due to ischial tuberosity fracture?
Pt may have had:
1. Slip in the shower with no underlying etiology. Higher risk of fractures from an event like this due to osteoporosis
2. POTS episode where she stood up too fast, causing blood to pool in the lower portion of her body and lack of sympathetic compensation --> lack of blood to the brain --> syncope
3. Diabetic emergency where patient may have had low blood glucose --> lack of glucose to brain --> sympathetic response followed by lack of consciousness.
500
This condition, marked by paresthesia over the lateral portion of the thigh, and most common in Pt with enlarged abdomens is the compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament.
What is meralgia paresthetica?
500
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Name this nerve.
What is the pudendal nerve?