Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Lowest layer
Inferior Longitudinal
Motor nerve supply, CN XII Hypoglossal
Mandibular muscle
Elevates and retracts the mandible
Temporalis
Motor supply, CN V Trigeminal
Extrinsic muscle
Prime muscle for tongue movement
makes up most of the deep bulk of tongue
Also a suprahyoid
Retracts, portrudes and depresses the tongue
Genioglossus
CN XII Hypoglossal
This nerve supplies the sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN V Trigeminal
Intrinsic tongue muscle
Middle layer. Going across
Transverse
Motor supply cranial nerve CN XII Hypoglossal
Mandible muscle
Very strong.
Elevates mandible, powerful biting muscle.
Masseter
CN V Trigeminal
Extrinsic tongue muscle
goes from hyoid bone to sides of the tongue
Pulls the sides of the tongue down.
Also a suprahyoid
Hyoglossus
CN XII
This nerve supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII Facial
Intrinsic tongue muscle
Goes up and down tongue. middle layer.
Vertical
Motor supply Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal
Mandible muscle
elevates the mandible. lateral movement for grinding
Medial Pterygoid
CN V Trigeminal
Extrinsic muscle of the tongue.
Goes from styloid process of the skull to the inferior sides of the tongue.
Moves tongue back and up
Stylo glossus
CN XII Hypoglossal
Taste and sensation in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is communicated by this nerve
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
Intrinsic tongue muscle
top layer
Superior Longitudinal
CN XII Hypoglossal
Manidble muscle
Protrudes mandible, lateral movement for grinding
in two parts, upper and lower
Lateral Pterygoid
Extrinsic tongue muscle
From soft palate to the sides of the posterior tongue
Muscles of anterior faucial arches
Palatoglossus
CN X Vagus
CN XI Accessory
Cervical plexus
C1, C2, C3, C4