Tuberculosis
What isolation is a patient who has tuberculosis placed under?
What are the different types of diabetes?
Type 1 (destruction of insulin-producing cells), Type 2 (insulin resistance), gestational diabetes, prediabetes, and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)
What are the two main ways hepatitis is transmitted?
fecal-oral (Hepatitis A, E), blood & secretions (Hepatitis B, C, D)
What two diseases fall under the COPD category?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
What does the staging of cancer include?
Tuberculosis affects what tissue in the lungs?
The lung parenchyma (the functioning tissue of the lungs)
What are the three P's of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria (overproduction of urine), Polydipsia (thirstiness), Polyphagia (insatiable hunger)
What are the common symptoms among all types of hepatitis?
mild, flu-like symptoms (loss of appetite, weakness, fever, generalized aching, may become jaundiced)
What are the tell tale signs for COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema? (hint: you should have 3 answers)
COPD: barrel chest
Chronic bronchitis: blue bloater
Emphysema: pink puffer
How do you calculate pack years?
(# of packs per day) x (years smoked)
What are the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis?
Low grade fever, non productive or mucopurulent cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss
What are long term complications of diabetes?
Macrovascular: accelerated atherosclerotic changes, CAD, CVD, PVD
Microvascular: diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hypoglycemic unawareness, sexual disfunction
What is ascites and what are some nursing interventions to treat the condition?
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity due to portal hypertension. The client should be placed on a low-sodium diet, use diuretics, undergo a paracentesis, be administered salt-poor albumin, and undergo a TIPS procedure.
What are the three diagnostic tests for Emphysema?
What is a pre-, intra-, and post- operative nursing consideration for a bronchoscopy?
Pre: obtained informed consent, ensure the patient is NPO 6-12 hours before, assess for allergies, remove dentures, glasses, and contacts, monitor coagulation studies
Intra: monitor vital signs, administer O2 if needed, monitor for laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and bleeding, position in semi fowlers or supine positon
Post: keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns, monitor respiratory status, monitor for complications (hemoptysis, pneumothorax, laryngospasm)
What is the gold standard for tuberculosis testing?
Acid Fast Bacillus Smear and Culture (slow results; requires 3 samples, review sputum sample procedures)
foot care
Who are the only people at risk for hepatitis D?
Those with hepatitis B
Respiratory insufficiency and failure, pneumonia, chronic atelectasis, pneumothorax, cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure)
What is the most common symptom of laryngeal cancer?
Hoarseness of more than 2 weeks duration (occurs from the tumor impeding the vocal cords during speech)
What is the size of induration from a tuberculosis skin test that signifies a positive result?
What should a client with diabetes always be sure to do before exercising?
Eat 15g of carbohydrates to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
What is ESWL and what client education is involved in the procedure?
ESWL is a nonsurgical procedure that uses shock waves to break gallstones into smaller pieces. It is important to educate the patient that they will pass the stone fragments after the procedure and should stay active.
What medication is given first when treating COPD?
Bronchodilators (before corticosteroids)
What structures are preserved in a partial and total laryngectomy?
Partial: airway is intact, client is expected to have difficulty swallowing, voice quality may change
Total: loss of voice, swallowing abilities, and airway; requires permanent tracheostomy