Parkinson’s & Alzheimer’s Disease
What neurotransmitter deficiency causes the tremors and movement problems associated with Parkinson’s disease?
What is a dopamine deficiency?
What are the two classic eye symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG)?
What is ptosis (drooping eye/eyelids) and diplopia (double vision) that worsens in the evenings?
What are the two main types of stroke?
What is ischemic and hemorrhagic?
What is Kernig’s sign, which may be present in meningitis?
What is pain or inability to extend the knee when the hip is flexed?
What is the name of the emergency condition that can cause severe hypertension in a patient with a spinal cord injury?
What is autonomic dysreflexia (emergency)?
What four hallmark symptoms characterize Parkinson’s disease?
What is a shuffled gait with arms flexed, stout posture, pill rolling tremors, and mask like facial expressions while resting?
When should pyridostigmine be administered in relation to meals?
What is 30–60 minutes before meals?
What diagnostic test must be completed before administering tPA to rule out bleeding?
A head CT scan?
What medication is used to treat herpes-related encephalitis?
What is Acyclovir?
Name some warning signs of autonomic dysreflexia?
What is severe headache, hypertension (systolic up to 300 mm Hg), bradycardia, flushing or sweating above the injury, blurred vision, and nasal stuffiness?
According to your notes, how long before a meal should carbidopa/levodopa be given?
What is 30–60 minutes before a meal?
What are some of the dangerous symptoms that can indicate a pyridostigmine overdose in a patient with MG?
What is increased weakness, increased trouble swallowing, bradycardia (treat with atropine- will need to be on tele), increased salivation, increased lacrimation (increased tears), increased defecation, and GI cramping. The most dangerous symptoms are bradycardia and trouble swallowing?
After tPA administration, what neurological changes must the nurse report immediately?
What is changes in level of consciousness, headache, or pupil findings?
What does Battle’s sign indicate in a patient with head trauma?
What is bruising behind the ear that may indicate a basilar (base) skull fracture?
What two common triggers should the nurse check for first when a patient develops autonomic dysreflexia?
What is kinked or obstructed urinary catheter and fecal impaction?
What type of medication should be avoided in patients with Parkinson’s disease because it blocks dopamine?
What is dopamine-blocking medications?
Why may patients with Huntington’s disease need 4,000–5,000 calories per day?
What is involuntary choreiform movements increase energy expenditure and caloric needs?
How should a nurse communicate with a patient who has expressive aphasia?
What is ask yes-or-no questions, speak slowly and respectfully, and use a communication board?
If a patient with a head injury has clear drainage from the nose or ears, what should the nurse suspect?
What is a possible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak?
What are some nursing interventions when a patient is suspected of autonomic dysreflexia?
What is check the catheter tubing for kinks, you also check for fecal impaction (because this can cause it), remove any tight clothing or compression stockings (because it decreases the blood flow- in which increases the BP), inspect their skin, and BP will need to be taken every 2-5 minutes until at a stable level?
What are some nursing interventions regarding care of the patient with Alzheimer’s disease?
What is give frequent snacks throughout the day (should include finger foods), always make sure they have a snack before bedtime, keep the room well lit, and maintain a consistent daily routine?
What are the clinical manifestations of Hunnignton's disease, and the offspring of a person with this disease has a ___ percent risk of inheriting it?
What is the clinical manifestations are characterized by abnormal and excessive involuntary movements (chorea) and the offspring of a person with this disease have a 50% risk of inheriting it?
What must the nurse assess before giving a stroke patient food, fluids, or oral medication?
What is check for pocketing and swallowing ability, to reduce the risk of aspiration?
A patient with a traumatic brain injury develops worsening confusion and pupil changes. What are the immediate nursing priorities in your notes?
What is maintain the airway, elevate the head of the bed about 30 degrees, keep the neck neutral, and prepare for possible intubation?
What is the difference between tetraplegia and paraplegia?
What is tetraplegia affects all four extremities; paraplegia affects the lower body while arm and hand function are generally preserved?