Concept of Cellular Regulation
A disease process where cells proliferate (multiple) abnormally without growth regulation.
what is cancer?
leading cause of cancer related deaths.
what is lung cancer?
Decrease in total WBC count and WBC count < 4000.
What is leukopenia?
Name three (3) diagnostic tests associated with early detection with screening.
What is Pap test, HPV, PSA, breast self exam, mammogram, testicular self exam, colonoscopy, CEA, CA-125?
The nurse should teach clients about which potential risk factor for the development of colon cancer?
A. chronic constipation
B. long-term use of laxatives
C. history of smoking
D. history of inflammatory bowel disease
What is history of inflammatory bowel disease?
The type of proliferation when cancer cells proliferate at the same rate as normal cells, cancer cells respond differently, and the result is a mutation in the stem cell.
what is defective cellular proliferation?
What gene mutation is responsible for 5-10% of breast cancer?
what is the BRCA gene?
List three (3) nursing managements associated with radiation therapy.
What is
limit time and distance;
shielding organs of patient;
shielding nurses;
wear film badge.
The key to successful cancer treatment is what?
what is early detection?
What factor places a client at greatest risk for skin cancer?
A. fair skin and history of chronic sun exposure
B. Caucasian race and history of hypertension
C. dark skin and family history of skin cancer
D. dark skin and history of hypertension
What is fair skin and history of chronic sun exposure?
Tumor causing genes that can cause cancer.
what is oncogenes?
Main difference between melanoma vs non-melanoma skin cancer.
melanoma has the ability to metasis into any organ.
Name two (2) interventions associated with neutropenic precautions.
What is..
- Protective isolation if severe
- Educate pt & family
- Strict daily personal hygiene
- Avoid crowds, restrict visitors with colds, flu, etc.
- Check temp. frequently
- Check for signs of symptoms of infection
- Check mouth & skin for dryness, cracking, white patches
- Avoid invasive procedures
- Check WBC frequently
- Strict hand-washing by all?
The goals of treatment for cellular regulation.
what is cure, control and palliation?
A. "having a mammogram when you are older is less painful."
B. "the incidence of breast cancer increases the age"
C. "we need to consider your family history of breast cancer first"
D. "it will be sufficient if you perform breast examinations monthly"
What is "the incidence of breast cancer increases with age"?
Two (2) types of genes that can be affected by mutation
Gold standard for diagnostic studies for colon cancer.
What is colonoscopy?
What is 7-10 days after beginning therapy?
Define "ALARA"
what is “as low as reasonably achievable”?
the most reliable early indicator of infection in a client who is neutropenic is?
A. fever
B. chills
C. tachycardia
D. dyspnea.
What is fever?
fever is an early sign requiring clinical intervention to identify the potential causes.
Name the seven (7) warning signs of cancer.
What is
Changes in bowel/bladder habits;
sore not healing;
usual bleeding/discharge;
thickening of lump;
indigestion/difficult swallowing;
change in mole/wart;
nagging cough.
What is needed for a definitive diagnosis of cancer?
What is ...
- Avoid trauma
- Use Electric razor, soft toothbrush, no flossing
- Assess for bleeding (gums, stool, urine, petechiae, ecchymosis, nose, hypermenorrhea)
- Avoid injections, aspirin, rectal temps, suppositories
What hematopoietic growth factor used in cancer treatment to stimulate WBC production.
what is Neupogen or Neulasta?
The nurse is instructing a client about skin care while receiving radiation therapy to the chest. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?
A. apply lotion if the skin is dry
B. shave the chest to prevent contamination from chest hair
C. wash the area with tepid water and mild soap
D. keep area covered with non-adherent dressing during treatments
What is wash the area with tepid water and mild soap?