Blood and Lymph Basics
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen using hemoglobin
What is anemia?
A deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin
What cells are responsible for antibody production?
B cells
What is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Immediate allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis)
What virus causes AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
What fluid transports immune cells and removes waste?
Lymph
Which type of anemia involves sickle-shaped cells?
Sickle cell anemia
What is cell-mediated immunity controlled by?
T cells
What autoimmune disorder affects the thyroid gland?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What are the main modes of HIV transmission?
Blood, sexual contact, perinatal
Name one major diagnostic test used for hematologic disorders.
CBC (Complete Blood Count)
What condition involves overproduction of RBCs?
Polycythemia
What are antibodies also called?
Immunoglobulins
What disorder causes the immune system to attack RBCs?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
To suppress viral replication and improve immune function
What is a key therapeutic measure for low RBC count?
Blood transfusion
What is a major nursing priority in hemorrhagic disorders?
Prevent injury and monitor for bleeding
What is active immunity?
Immunity developed from infection or vaccination
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs
What is a common opportunistic infection in HIV?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
What are two nursing assessments for hematologic function?
Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, bleeding tendencies
What is ITP?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura – immune destruction of platelets
What is a monoclonal antibody used for?
Targeted therapy against specific antigens (e.g., cancer, autoimmune diseases)
What are signs of anaphylaxis?
Airway swelling, hypotension, hives, dyspnea
What is a nursing priority when caring for a client with HIV/AIDS?
Prevent infection, provide emotional support, and promote medication adherence