Type 1 Diabetes
Is this type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance or insulin deficiency?
Insulin deficiency
Is this type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance or insulin deficiency?
Insulin resistance
Match the following conditions to their emergencies:
DM type 1
DM type 2
HHS
DKA
DM type 1 -> DKA
DM type 2 -> HHS
Which condition causes fluid overload, and which causes fluid deficit?
DI - dry inside
SIADH - soaked inside
Explain TSH, T3, and T4 levels with hyper- and hypothyroidism.
Hyper - TSH low, T3 and T4 high
What are the three P's of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
A patient's hemoglobin A1C must be above what number to be diagnosed with diabetes?
6.5%
Which condition has a rapid onset?
DKA
These conditions cause a dysregulation in ADH. What does this hormone do?
It helps the body to reabsorb water, producing less urine
Anxiety, heat intolerance, restlessness, tachycardia, HTN, weight loss, and exophthalmos are symptoms of what condition?
Hyperthyroidism
What is an insulin sliding scale?
Adjust the units of insulin given to a patient based on their fingerstick blood glucose
This medication is commonly used by diabetics to manage blood sugar without insulin.
Metformin
Orthostatic hypotension, weak/rapid pulses, headache, blurred vision, fruity breath, and decreased LOC are associated with which condition?
BOTH
What electrolyte is most commonly unbalanced with SIADH?
Sodium (Hyponatremia)
Math the following conditions to their severe complications:
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid Storm
Myxedema Coma
Hyperthyroidism - Thyroid storm
Hypothyroidism - Myxedema coma
Sudden weight loss, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain can be indicators of what?
Hyperglycemia
What are some risk factors for DM type 2?
Overweight, sedentary lifestyle, older age, family hx, ethnicity
What are the diagnostic criteria for DKA and HHS?
DKA blood glucose >250
HHS blood glucose >600
Explain serum osmolality and urine osmolality.
Osmolality is the concentration of electrolytes and urea in a solution. Serum is the concentration in the blood, and urine is the concentration in the urine
You are performing an initial assessment on a patient. You notice abdominal obesity, thin extremities, moon face, HTN, and hirsutism. What condition is this patient likely experiencing?
You walk into your patient's room and find them unconscious, diaphoretic, and unarousable. You perform a fingerstick, and their blood sugar is 55. What actions should you take?
Administer Glucagon (IM) or D5W (IV)
Monitor for seizure activity
Recheck blood glucose every 15 minutes
DM type 2 can lead to metabolic syndrome. What are three symptoms of this condition?
HTN, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal obesity
What are some treatments for these conditions?
IV fluids, restore electrolytes, IV insulin, frequent blood sugar monitoring
While monitoring I&O for a patient with SIADH, the nurse notes an imbalance between intake and output. What can the nurse to do regulate this patient's output?
Request a prescription for a diuretic
You are performing an initial assessment on a patient. You notice that there is a bronze hue to their skin, and labs show that they have hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypoglycemia. What condition do you suspect they have?
Addison's Disease