What's the Dx?
Thick purulent fluid located within the pleural space
Empyema
What is the acid base imbalance that occurs in the early stages of asthma?
Respiratory alkalosis
When is the best time to collect a sputum sample?
In the morning before pt eats or drinks
What are the risk factors for pneumonia? (List 3)
Corticosteroid therapy, Diabetes, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), heart failure, alcoholism, COPD, AIDS
Most accurate indication of oxygen levels in the blood
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Rapid onset, severe, and persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy.
status asthmaticus
What assessment finding in a pt with status asthmaticus would indicate respiratory failure?
Wheezing disappears
What type of isolation should a pt with TB be placed?
Airborne
What are the clinical manifestations of TB?
Fever, cough, anorexia, night sweats, fatigue, and sputum production
What is the purpose of the use of a Peak Flow Meter?
help with medication management because it help see the effects the medication has in the lungs
What is a complication of pleurisy?
Pleural effusion
Pt must me monitor for s/s such as SOB, pain, assumption of position that decreases pain, and decreased chest wall excursion
Why is adherence to TB treatment difficult?
There are food restrictions with isoniazid.
(Should avoid tyramine foods- tuna, aged cheese, red wine, soy sauce, yeast extracts)
Medications are expensive
Take multiple pills a day
Have to wear glasses instead of contacts when on rifampin
What are 3 nursing interventions that can help prevent aspiration?
Sitting pt upright for eating (Head of bed 30-45 degrees)
Suggesting a soft diet
Encouraging pt to take small bites
Straws should not be used
Instruct pt to keep chin tucked and head turned with repeating swallowing
What are at least 3 risk factors that make pts susceptible to OSA?
Post menopausal status, Advanced age, Obesity, Large neck circumference
What is the test that will definitively diagnose TB and how long before results are available?
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus available within 24-48 hrs
A chronic inflammation disease if the airways that causes hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema and mucus production.
Asthma
What are some other respiratory complications that can be caused by pneumonia?
Pleurisy
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Lung Abscess
What are some nursing interventions for a pt with COPD?
Edu pt to stop smoking
Encourage pt to stay away from irritants
Monitor respiratory status
Orthopneic position if SOB
List 3 causes of atelectasis
foreign body, obstruction or blockage, tumor or growth in an airway, shallow breathing, pain, fluid accumulating in the plural space
What treatments help resolve a pleural effusion?
Treat underlying condition
Chest tube insertion
Pleurodesis
Thoracentesis -remove fluid, obtain specimen and to relive dyspnea and respiratory compromise
The collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of that surround the lungs?
Pleural effusion
What are 3 causes of pain decrease with pleurisy?
Holding breath
Topical applications of heat or cold
More fluid accumulates between the pleural space
What interventions include in a plan of care for a pt with a lung abscess?
Encourage postural drainage 2 times a day before meals
Teach pt care of the percutaneous chest catheter prior to discharge
A pt with this condition have overlapping signs of emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
COPD
What would a physician order to help dx pneumonia?
Sputum culture, Blood culture (CBC), chest Xray