Cardiovascular/cardiac disorders
A nurse explains that the lining of a vessel that allows for smooth blood flow and also reduced resistance in the vessel is the ______ of the vessel.
intima
What is an important teaching point for a patient with mitral stenosis?
Balance activity with oxygen supply
______ is an abnormal thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
A patient is being evaluated every week for possible hypertension and is classified as prehypertensive. Which assessment would support this conclusion?
Blood pressure reading over 120/80 mm Hg for two consecutive visits
A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) for hypertension. When providing dietary teaching what should the nurse encourage the patient to increase the intake of?
Bananas
A nurse explains that when a patient history reveals a recent episode of vomiting and diarrhea, the nurse anticipates that this fluid loss will cause ______ and increased blood viscosity.
hemoconcentration
What information should a nurse include in a patient’s discharge instruction after an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
Written instructions on diet and follow-up appointments
Stable angina (also called chronic stable angina) occurs most often with exercise or activity and usually subsides with ______.
rest
A patient with hypertension reports the symptom of headache. How do headaches related to hypertension characteristically occur?
Occipital on arising
An obese 38-year-old African-American patient with diabetes is being evaluated for the use of propranolol (Inderal) in controlling hypertension. What is a contraindication for the use of propranolol (Inderal) in this patient?
Diabetes
A 49-year-old patient has multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which risk factor is considered modifiable?
Smoking
A patient with acute congestive heart failure has jugular vein distention, crackles bilaterally, and dyspnea. Which nursing diagnosis should have the highest priority?
Fluid volume excess
A patient inquires if his blood pressure is normal. What is the nurse’s most accurate response regarding the definition of normal blood pressure?
Less than 120/80 mm Hg
What does treatment for essential hypertension focus on?
Reduction of modifiable risks
An 89-year-old patient is taking an antihypertensive medication. What should the nurse include when providing home care teaching?
Get up out of bed slowly
What do fibrous plaques of atherosclerosis serve as when they are laid down in the vessels?
Trap to which other substances adhere
What actions should a nurse implement to decrease the workload of the heart in a patient with acute congestive failure? (Select all that apply.)
Eliminate unnecessary activities
Help the patient change positions every 2 hours
Give a partial bed bath rather than full bed bath
An obese African-American man reports that he smokes. How should the nurse stage this patient’s hypertension?
Grade B
What is the focus of treatment for secondary hypertension?
Specific etiologic disease
What should a nurse instruct a patient who has been started on verapamil (Calan) for elevated blood pressure to monitor?
Pulse
A patient with angina pectoris complains of chest pain at rest and needs to take three nitroglycerin (NTG) pills to relieve the pain. Of what should the nurse assess this as a major symptom?
Unstable angina
A nurse urges a 50-year-old overweight executive who had a myocardial infarction (MI) 3 months earlier to take up some conditioning exercises for 30 minutes a day. What rationale supports this suggestion? (Select all that apply.)
Lose weight
Decrease workload of the heart
Decrease cholesterol levels
Which is true regarding hypertension in older adults?
It improves with treatment
What do blood pressure readings need to exceed for a patient to be diagnosed with hypertension?
140/90 mm Hg
A patient is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril (Vasotec). What is an appropriate instruction for the nurse to provide?
Return for follow-up visits