Adult Health/Nutrition
What is one role of the nurse?
Collaboration
Effective Communication
Health History
Physical Assessment
Nursing Process
Electronic Health Record or (EMR/EHR)
Ethical Use of Information
Name one risk factor for common chronic disorders?
Hypertension
Tobacco use
High BMI
Lack of physical activity
Excess alcohol use
Diet low in fruit/vegetables
Diet high in sodium/saturated fats
What is the primary goal for rehabilitation?
Identify, reach, and maintain optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and/or social functional levels.
Focus on existing abilities to facilitate independence, self-determination, and social integration.
Explain polypharmacy.
Use of more medications than is clinically indicated. Potential for drug-drug interactions, altering nutritional status, reduced compliance. Common in older clients.
What is a cardiovascular system age related change?
Decreased CO, diminished ability to respond to stress, slower HR recovery, increased BP.
What are two components of a health history?
Biographical data
Chief complaint
Present health concern/illness
Past health history
Family history
Nutritional status = dietary recall, BMI
Review of systems
Patient profile: past life events, med rec, education, occupation, finances, environment, spirituality/religion
What are two differences between chronic and acute conditions?
Chronic conditions last 3 months or longer, progressive, irreversible, and high probability of having multiple chronic conditions.
Acute conditions are short term and reversible.
Who is the primary member of the rehabilitation team?
The client!
True or False.
The most common affective or mood disorder of old age is Alzheimer disease?
False.
The most common affective mood disorder is depression.
What is a respiratory system age related change?
Decrease muscle strength/endurance, decreased gas exchange, decreased cough efficiency
What are three components to a physical assessment?
Initial observations: posture, body movements, speech, nutrition, affect, V.S.
Focused Assessments: Skin, head/neck, respiratory, cardiac, GI, GU, Neuro, musculoskeletal,
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
Nutritional assessment - BMI, eating habits
What is the difference between developmental disabilities, acquired disabilities, and age-associated disabilities?
Developmental disabilities: occur any time from birth to 22 yrs (spina bifida, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome)
Acquired disabilities: acute and sudden injury (TBI, spinal cord injury, amputation, burns, falls)
Age-associated disabilities: arthritis, MS, parkinsons, COPD, sensory changes
List 3 risks for pressure ulcer development?
Sensory perception
Moisture
Activity
Mobility
Nutrition
Friction/Shear
Name two reasons the elderly are at risk for abuse and neglect and name 1 way a nurse can protect the elderly.
Physical, psychological, sexual, abandonment, financial.
Be alert to neglect and abuse and screen appropriately in a private interview. Involve interdisciplinary team members. Ombudsman, report abuse: https://daas.utah.gov/adult-protective-services/
What is a musculoskeletal system age related change?
Loss of bone density, loss of muscle strength/size, degenerating joint cartilage.
What are two factors influencing nutritional status for hospitalized clients?
Increase stress = increase glucose
Lack of preferred foods
New medications w/ GI side effects
Dentures/oral care
NPO
Mobility
New illness
How do you ensure quality health care for people with disabilities?
Communication strategies, accessibility, assessment, cognitive status, modifications, education, health promotion, independence, insurance.
ADLs: hygiene/bathing, dressing/grooming, feeding, toileting (self-care activities that must be accomplished daily)
IADLs: meal prep, grocery shopping, household management, finances, transportation (complex skills needed for independent living)
Name and explain the benefits of one type of living arrangement of the older adult.
Living at home or w/ family
Continuing care retirement communities
Assisted living facilities
Long-term care facilities
What is a gastrointestinal system age related change?
What would be a priority nursing intervention for a client that is NPO, newly unresponsive, pale, BMI of 31, and blood glucose of 200.
Insulin
Airway
Potassium level
Cardiac monitoring
What teaching is needed for a client being discharged home after having a below-the-knee amputation due to uncontrolled diabetes?
Diabetes management, nutrition
Wound care
Modifications, prosthetics, rehab
Follow-up appointments
Medications
Sensation
Safety
You have a client with a stage III pressure ulcer on their coccyx? Name three nursing interventions to promote healing and prevent further breakdown.
Relieve pressure, reposition
Use pressure relieving devices
Improve mobility
Improve tissue perfusion
Improve nutrition (increase protein, iron, vitamin C, zinc, albumin)
Reduce friction/shear
Minimize moisture
Wound care
You admit an elderly women that has fallen 3 times in the last 6 months for another fall without major injury. What is 1 possible cause for these frequent falls and what is 1 safety intervention?
Cause: UTI, sensory issues, trip hazards, medications, declining cognition, balance, mobility,
Safety: Med rec, UTI or other infection screen, balance, mobility, gait, neuro status, home screening, bone density
What is a sensory age related change?
Vision: loss, decreased ability to tolerate glare, pupils rigid
Hearing: loss, difficulty with sound discrimination
Taste/smell: loss