Pathophysiology
What organ stores extra glucose as glycogen to prevent glycogenesis?
a. Pancreas
b. Bile duct
c. Liver
What is "liver"?
Type of diabetes was known as the “adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent” diabetes
Name the three (3) P's of DM.
What is polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia?
“Rebound effect from overnight hypoglycemia that the body attempts to correct resulting in hyperglycemia upon awakening”.
What is the symogyi effect?
A patient with diabetes has a morning glucose of 50. The patient is sweaty, cold, and clammy. Which of the following
nursing interventions is MOST important?
a. Recheck the glucose level
b. Give the patient ½ cup (4 oz) of fruit juice
c. Call the doctor
d. Keep the patient nothing by mouth
what is "give the patient 1/2 cup (4oz) of fruit juice"?
The pancreas releases small increments of insulin into the blood stream at all times is the what?
a. Basal rate
b. Bolus
c. Normal rate of release
d. Insulin requirements
What is "basal rate"?
Type 1 diabetics typically have the following clinical characteristics:*
A. Thin, young with ketones present in the urine
B. Overweight, young with no ketones present in the urine
C. Thin, older adult with glycosuria
D. Overweight, adult-aged with ketones present in the urine
what is "thin, young with ketones present in the urine"?
Besides the 3 Ps of diabetes mellitus, name three (3) manifestations of DM.
What is blurred vision, fatigue, paresthesia (altered sensation in fingers), recurrent infections, weight changes (increase with Type 2, decrease with type 1)?
What type of drugs mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia and prolong hypoglycemia effects of insulin?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antidepressants
c. Steroids
d. Beta-blockers
What is beta-blockers?
A patient asks the nurse what does the A1C test look for, which is the appropriate response by the nurse?
a. “A1C looks for the amount of glucose in the blood”
b. “A1C looks for the amount of sugar you have in your adipose tissue”
c. “A1C looks for the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached”
d. “A1C looks for the percentage of glucose attached to the adipose tissue”
what is c. “A1C looks for the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached”?
The _____ ______ secrete insulin which are located in the _______.
a. Alpha cells, liver
b. Alpha cells, pancreas
c. Beta cells, liver
d. Beta cells, pancreas
What is "D. beta cells, pancrease"?
Which of the following patients is at most risk for Type 2 diabetes?
what is "A 28 year old male with a BMI of 49"?
A1C goal for diabetes
Cold sweats, weakness, trembling, nervousness, irritability, pallor and increased heart rate are symptoms of what acute complication of diabetes mellitus?
what is hypoglycemia?
A diabetic patient comes into the clinic complaining of an altered sensation in his lower extremities. The nurse asks the patient to describe the pain and he states the pain feels like “burning, cramping and tingling”. What type of complication is the patient experiencing due to diabetes?
What is diabetic neuropathy?
What is the normal range for blood glucose levels?
What is 70 - 120mg/dL?
Which of the following statements are true regarding Type 2 diabetes treatment?
a. Insulin and oral diabetic medications are administered routinely in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
b. Insulin may be needed during times of surgery or illness.
c. Insulin is never taken by the Type 2 diabetic.
d. Oral medications are the first line of treatment for newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetics.
What is "b. Insulin may be needed during times of surgery or illness"?
A patient is being prescribed insulin. They ask why they can’t take oral insulin instead of the needle insulin. The best
response by the nurse would be?
a. “oral insulin wasn’t prescribed by your doctor, but we can discuss your issue with him”
b. “oral insulin isn’t processed by the pancreas as easily as injected”
c. “oral insulin doesn’t take properly like injected insulin”
d. “oral insulin is not given because it is inactivated by gastric acid”
What is d. “oral insulin is not given because it is inactivated by gastric acid”?
DKA is a profound deficiency of insulin and is characterized by what four (4) things?
what is yperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis and dehydration?
Your patient’s blood glucose level is 215 mg/dL. The patient is about to eat lunch. Per sliding scale, you administer 4
units of Insulin Lispro (Humalog) subcutaneously at 1130. As the nurse, you know the patient is most at risk for
hypoglycemia at what time?
a. 1145
b. 1230
c. 1430
d. 1630
what is 1230?
Three (3) disease process make up the metabolic syndrome triad.
A patient was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The patient isn’t sure what happens in the body with diabetes. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?
a. “In diabetes type 1, the body produces enough insulin to combat the glucose levels”
b. “in diabetes type 1, the pancreas produces some insulin”
c. “in diabetes type 1, the body attacks and destroys all beta cells”
d. “this is a question for your doctor to explain to you”
What is c. “in diabetes type 1, the body attacks and destroys all beta cells”?
What is a diabetic diet?
What is low calories, low protein, low fat, high fiber and carbohydrate monitoring?
A patient just got diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy. The patient asks the nurse what that means. Which is the
appropriate description of diabetic nephropathy?
a. “Damage to small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney”
b. “Damage to the new blood vessels being formed”
c. “Partial occlusion of small blood vessels in retina causes microaneurysms”
d. “Progression from hyperglycemia with additional symptoms”
what is “Damage to small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney”?
A. increase the frequency of self-monitoring
B. reduce food intgake to diminish nausea
C. discontinue that dose of insulin if unable to eat
D. take half of the normal dose of insulin
What is "increase the frequency of self monitoring"?
colds and influenza present special challenges to the client with diabetes because the body's need for insulin increases during illness.