Med Term / A&P Part 1

Chemical Level

100

Ions with a positive charge are called ___.

Ions with a negative charge are called ___.

Cations (+)

Anions (-)

200

Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Polysaccahrides are types of ___.

Carbohydrates

300

Normal pH range

What is considered acidotic and alkalotic?

7.35 - 7.45

<7.35 Acidotic

>7.45 Alkalotic

400

If this electrolyte level is low, it can lead to decreased skeletal muscle function, GU disturbances, and alterations in cardiac function. If the electrolyte is high, it can lead to hyperstimulation of neural cell transmission, resulting in cardiac arrest.

Potassium (K+)

500

Energy is released during catabolism that is eventually converted into ______, the powerful energy source of the body that is used to drive chemical reactions.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Cellular Level

100

This type of cell is responsible for movement

Muscle cells

200

The _____ is the control center of the cell that is responsible for cell reproduction and stores genetic information.

Nucleus

300

4 steps of the life cycle of the cell

1. Interphase

2. Cell division (mitosis)

3. Cytophasmic division (cytokinesis)

4. Differentiation

400

What are the three steps of cellular respiration, and are they aerobic or anaerobic?

Glycolysis (anaerobic)

Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic)

Electron Transport System (aerobic)

500

Describe cell tonicity when administered hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.

Hypertonic: net water movement out of cell, collapses cell (high solute concentration in extracellular fluid)

Isotonic: normal call

Hypotonic: net water movement into cell, cell swells until bursts (low solute concentration in extracellular fluid)

Tissue Level

100

This type of tissue carries information from one part of the body to another via electrical impulses; they are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Nervous Tissue

200

____ glands have ducts that open onto surfaces or into the digestive tract.

____ glands have no ducts and secrete into tissue fluid or blood.

Exocrine

Endocrine

300

These types of cells are distributed throughout connective tissues, usually near blood vessels, and release both heparin (to prevent blood clotting) and histamine (for inflammatory and allergic response).

Mast cells

400

This tough but flexible connective tissue protects the body from excessive tension and compression. It is composed of chondrocytes.

Cartilage

500

This type of muscle tissue is found in hollow internal organ walls and constricts involuntarily.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Membranes/Homeostasis

100

4 types of membranes

Serous membrane

Mucous membrane

Cutaneous membrane

Synovial membrane

200

The process in which the opposing system is alerted to discontinue the action

Negative feedback, or feedback inhibition

300

Five primary mechanisms that help the body regulate temperature

Convection

Conduction

Radiation

Evaporation

Respiration

400

Body elimination methods of unnecessary chemicals and by-products

Respiration (CO)

Sweating

Urination

Defecation

500

This type of membrane surrounds the heart, abdominal organs, the brain, and inner lining of lungs

Serous membrane

Medical Terminology

100

This axis/plane slices the body from front to back, dividing the body into left and right portions.

Sagittal (lateral) plane

200

This term is used to describe a portion of an extremity relative to its midline that is closer to the body

Proximal

300

This terms refers to the same side of the body

Ipsilateral

400

This quadrant of the abdomen contains the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and some of the ascending and transverse colon

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

500

Difference between -phagia and -phasia

-phagia (swallowing, eating, ingesting)

-phasia (speech)