Hypodermic Model
This model assumes media messages are directly injected into passive audiences.
What is the Hypodermic Model?
Mass Society Theory developed after this global conflict.
What is World War II?
This theory argues media reinforces beliefs rather than changing them.
What is Minimal Effects Theory?
These record data on political preferences, opinions, and habits.
What are surveys?
These two newspapers used sensational headlines to stir public outrage.
What are the New York Journal and New York World?
This medium rose in postwar America and helped unify isolated citizens.
What is television?
According to this theory, social factors like class and religion are more important than media in shaping opinions.
What is Minimal Effects Theory?
This type of survey describes the current state of things.
What is a descriptive survey?
This publisher used emotional stories to push the U.S. toward war with Spain.
Who is William Randolph Hearst?
This method involves asking participants follow-up questions for deeper insight.
What are depth interviews?
In this model, media influences opinion leaders first, who then influence others.
What is the Two-Step Flow of Influence?
This type of survey tries to explain why something happens.
What is an analytical survey?
This ship’s explosion was blamed on Spain without evidence.
What is the USS Maine explosion?
This research method observes how people respond to media in a group setting.
What are focus groups?
Questions that allow participants to answer in their own words are called this.
What are open-ended questions?
This method involves analyzing historical documents like old newspapers.
What is archival research?
This method studies how different social groups are portrayed in media.
What is social role analysis?
A researcher wants to compare the number of violent acts per hour on American and Swedish television and track changes over 30 years.
What is content analysis?
Questions requiring respondents to choose from a list are called this.
What are close-ended questions?
This method studies how a writer persuades an audience.
What is rhetorical analysis?