Often Impacts Academics
Clinical Significance: Language-learning difficulties, possible social communication disorder
ADHD
Clinical Significance: Dysphagia, dysarthria, impaired cognitive function
Parkinson's Disease
Clinical Significance: Possible speech-language delays associated with hearing loss, speech/resonance disorders associated with orofacial abnormalities, problems with chewing, sucking, swallowing
Treacher Collins Syndrome
Clinical Significance: Brain damage, possible speech-language delays associated with hearing loss and neurological problems
Meningitis
Clinical Significance: Possible phoneme difficulties, academic learning difficulties, language impairment, learning disorder, and/or phonological disorder
Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)
Clinical Significance: Language learning struggles, hyperactivity, academic challenges, poor social competence
Executive Function Deficit
Clinical Significance: Speech, language, swallowing, cognition; dysarthria, aphasia, apraxia, cognitive-linguistic impairments
Stroke
Clinical Significance: Possible speech-language impairment associated with intellectual disability, social communication difficulties
Williams Syndrome
Clinical Significance: Dysphagia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Clinical Significance: Possible speech-language delays associated with hearing loss and intellectual disability
Measles (Rubeola)
Clinical Significance: Dyslexia, language difficulties, may impact executive functioning
Specific Learning Disorder
Clinical Significance: Dysphagia; loss of speech
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
*Also known as Lou Ghrig's Disease
Clinical Significance: Possible speech-language and/or resonance disorders, possible language and cognitive deficits
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
Clinical Significance: Possible speech disorders, vocal weakness, speech-language disorders, feeding and swallowing difficulties, use of AAC
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Clinical Significance: Possible speech-language disorders associated with intellectual disability, learning challenges, or hearing loss, possible pragmatic deficits, fluency disorders
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
Clinical Significance: Delayed speech/language development, social skills deficit
Select Mutism
Clinical Significance: Inappropriate social behaviors, difficulty understanding language
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Clinical Significance: Delayed speech and language, possible use of jargon, echolalia, inappropriate language, poor pragmatic language, higher incidence of autism and fluency disorder
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
Clinical Significance: Possible communication delays, pediatric feeding difficulties, adult dysphagia, voice disorders, cognitive impairments
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Clinical Significance: Possible feeding, sucking, swallowing problems, Possible speech-language delays associated with hearing loss and speech/resonance disorders due to cleft palate
Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS)
Clinical Significance: Language disorders, speech disorders, and cognitive deficits are common; possible abnormal voice, resonance, and feeding/swallowing difficulties
Down Syndrome
Clinical Significance: Progressive decline, risk of dysphagia
Huntington's Disease
Clinical Significance: Possible feeding, sucking, swallowing problems, possible speech/resonance disorders due to craniofacial malformations
Stickler Syndrome
Clinical Significance: Risk of falling and head injury, risk of dysphagia
Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
Clinical Significance: Speech-language and resonance disorders associated with hearing loss
Usher Syndrome