General Disease
Which species has the smallest internal lung surface area per body weight of all animals?
Cattle - Due to the lack of surface area, cattle lack the ability to compensate should part of the lung be affected.
What are the 4 major players (diseases) which form the Bovine Respiratory Complex (BRC)?
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), and Parainfluenza-3(PI3)
These 4 diseases are typically vaccinated for at 6 weeks.
Which ovine disease is referred to as "The great pretender?"
Johne's Disease
*It is also considered a wasting disease
Is pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) more common in sheep or goats?
Sheep
What is another name for exudative dermatitis?
Greasy pig disease
Copper poisoning is a concern for which species?
Sheep - Unlike other species, sheep will continue to absorb copper from the bloodstream even after meeting their biological needs. Excess copper accumulates over time and may cause lethargy, wasting, and ultimately death.
*Symptoms may be subclinical until a stressful event
Clostridial chauvoei is more commonly known as which disease?
"Blackleg" or "Clostridial Myositis"
The bacteria of Clostridium perfringens Type D causes which disease?
"Overeating disease" or "Pulpy Kidney"
*Caused by a sudden change in feed!
What are 3 symptoms of Tetanus?
Muscular stiffness, saw-horse stance, lockjaw, prolapse of 3rd eyelid, hyperesthesia, laboured breathing
Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) - Caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica & pasteurella multocida & destroys the nasal turbinates
When treating calves with supportive fluids, milk replacer should never be mixed with the electrolyte solution to prevent dilution. How long should you wait in between delivering milk and supportive electrolytes?
A cow that is positive for Mycobacterium bovis will likely receive which type of treatment?
No treatment - Mycobacterium bovis causes Tuberculosis, therefore culling is recommended once testing positive.
What is the most common way for a human to contract Q fever?
Aerosol transmission while assisting with lambing - The bacteria that causes Q fever, Coxiella burnetiid, is at its highest concentration in the placental membrane.
Clostridial vaccines
What term is used to describe the red and purple raised areas often seen in pigs suffering from acute Erysipelas?
'Diamond' skin lesions
Lincomycin may be used to treat dysentery in which species?
Swine
Which Bovine respiratory disease is described as being 'true pneumonia'?
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is described as being 'True Pneumonia'- Lower respiratory infection causing secondary bacterial pneumonia, predominantly affects young cattle, high mortality rate
Mad Cow Disease
Which condition is displays lymph node enlargement with abscesses of a "cheesy" or "onion ring" appearance?
Caseous Lymphadenitis
What bacteria is responsible for baby pig scours/white scours/bacterial enteritis in swine?
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
*Baby pig scours/white scours/bacterial enteritis is characterized by hypersecretory diarrhea or various colours. (Clear/Watery for neonates)
What does the acronym 'SMEDI' stand for?
SMEDI - Stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility
*SMEDI signs are often seen in pigs infected with leptospirosis
Milk fever (Hypocalcemia) is caused by what?
Milk fever (hypocalcemia) is caused by a rapid drop in calcium prior to parturition - The body fails to absorb/replenish calcium at a rate fast enough to compensate for the amount being moved into the mammary glands to become colostrum.
Itching, wool pulling, biting, ataxia, and bunny hopping may be a sign of which disease?
Scrapie
Which two bacteria are responsible for Foot Rot?
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus
What specific type of E. coli does not typically present with diarrhea, but eyelid edema, neurological signs, and sudden death?
Colibacillosis
*Caused by a few serotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli)