Brain
Hippocampus
How many chambers are in the human heart?
4
Describe the direction of gas exchange in the lungs
Oxygen from out to in, CO2 from in to out
Name one lifestyle that can lead to liver damage
Alcoholism, drugs
How many kidneys does a normal human have?
2
Which part of the brain is responsible for auditory processing
Temporal Lobe
Through which blood vessel does deoxygenated blood from the body enter the heart?
Vena Cava
Which muscles contract during inhalation?
Diaphragm, External intercostal
Energy is stored in the liver as...
Glycogen
What is the basic unit of the kidney?
Nephron
White matter is primarily made up of...
Glial Cells
Which valves are open during ventricular systole?
semilunar valves
What is the role of type 2 pneumocytes?
Release surfactant
Name an enzyme that the liver releases
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).
What is proteinuria?
How does a stroke in the right hemisphere affect the body?
Affects left side of body, causing weakness or paralysis
Which disease involves the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle?
Coronary artery disease
What is the function of the pleura in the lungs?
Provides a lubricated surface for the lungs to expand and contract smoothly within the thoracic cavity
Which is the worst type of hepatitis that can lead to liver cirrhosis?
Hepatitis C
What do kidneys control through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system?
Blood pressure
What are some key differences between glioblastoma and meningioma in terms of pathology and prognosis?
Glioblastoma: Originates in glial cells, rapid growth, poor prognosis
Meningioma: Originates in meninges, slower growth, better prognosis
What is the name of the fibrous sac that encloses the heart and roots of great vessels, providing lubrication?
Pericardium
How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect lung function?
Persistent airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation and structural changes in the lungs
Describe the relationship between liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Liver cirrhosis often leads to splenomegaly due to portal vein blockade
What is the etiology of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
Genetic